Ecological Momentary Assessment of Racial Microaggressions and Alcohol Use in African American Young Adults

项目摘要 非裔美国成年人面临着不成比例的压力，如种族歧视， 增加问题饮酒的风险，比白人成年人更有可能经历与酒精有关的疾病， 伤害，以及负面的社会后果。非洲裔美国人报告说每天都经历与种族有关的事情 涉及故意的种族主义行为或微妙的侮辱、排斥或否定行为的歧视性事件， 被称为种族微侵犯，频率与日常一样高。尽管种族歧视和种族歧视之间的联系 饮酒行为已经被记录在案，其影响的时间和修饰物在很大程度上仍不清楚。在……里面 在拟议的研究中，我们将评估种族微侵犯作为非洲人饮酒之前的影响因素 美国年轻人通过生态瞬时评估(EMA)在细粒度上捕捉到这种联系 在重度酒精使用风险发育高峰期的水平。这项研究建立在两个核心之上 前提：(1)更准确地了解非裔美国年轻人日常的真实世界经历 种族微侵犯及其对饮酒行为的影响是告知R01水平的关键， 为减少这一高危人群饮酒而进行的生态瞬时干预；以及(2)有效性 这种干预措施的有效性取决于其在目标人群中的可用性和可接受性。为了实现目标1， 建立EMA设计，我们将通过社交媒体[100]招募18至25岁的非裔美国成年人 经常饮酒以完成评估种族性质和频率的调查 微侵袭和饮酒。30名调查参与者(最低、中间和最高各10人 三分之一的种族微攻击频率分布)将参与可用性测试，以完善EMA 设计，包括抽样周期、项目数和提示频率，并确立最低要求 有效使用EMA的种族微攻击经历的频率。[在目标2中，我们将招聘一名新的 100名参与者样本]完成为期21天的基于智能手机的密集、重复和简短的EMA研究 以跟踪酒精使用和种族微侵犯的情况。我们将调查内部和之间的- 使用多水平建模方法研究种族微攻击性对酒精使用行为的主体影响 检测滞后(例如，第二天)以及当天的影响。对于探索性目标3，我们将研究缓冲 以及潜在保护因素[在目标2基线调查中评估]的恶化影响(例如，适应性 应对策略、种族社会化)和风险因素(例如，精神创伤史、社会经济劣势) 通过EMA报告的酒精使用情况。实现这项研究的目标，即确定种族微侵略性如何导致 饮酒行为将发现新的目标，以刺激创新的重点预防和发展 在非裔美国年轻人中危险饮酒的干预策略 NIAAA促进卫生公平的2022-2026财政年度战略计划。

Project Summary African American adults are disproportionately exposed to stressors, such as racial discrimination, that increase risk for problem drinking and are more likely than White adults to experience alcohol-related illness, injuries, and negative social consequences. African Americans report experiencing everyday race-related discriminatory events involving intentional acts of racism or subtle degrading, excluding, or negating acts, known as racial microaggressions, as frequently as daily. Although the link between racial discrimination and drinking behaviors has been documented, the timing and modifiers of the effects remain largely unknown. In the proposed study, we will assess racial microaggressions as antecedents to alcohol use among African American young adults via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to capture the association at a granular level during the peak developmental period of risk for heavy alcohol use. The study is built on two core premises: (1) More accurate understanding of African American young adults’ daily, real world experiences with racial microaggressions and their impact on drinking behaviors is critical to inform an R01 level, ecological momentary intervention to reduce alcohol use among this high-risk group; and (2) the effectiveness of such an intervention hinges on its usability and acceptability in the target population. To address Aim 1, establishment of the EMA design, we will recruit via social media [100] African American adults aged 18 to 25 who engage in regular alcohol use to complete surveys assessing the nature and frequency of racial microaggressions and alcohol use. Thirty survey participants (10 each from the lowest, middle, and highest thirds of the racial microaggression frequency distribution) will take part in usability testing to refine EMA design, including sampling periods, number of items, and frequency of prompts, and to establish the minimum frequency of racial microaggression experiences for valid use of the EMA. [In Aim 2, we will recruit a new sample of 100 participants] to complete a 21-day intensive, repeated, and brief smartphone-based EMA study to track alcohol use and instances of racial microaggressions. We will investigate both the within- and between- subject effects of racial microaggressions on alcohol use behaviors utilizing multilevel-modeling approaches to detect lagged (e.g., next day) as well as same day effects. For Exploratory Aim 3, we will investigate buffering and exacerbating effects of potential protective factors [assessed in Aim 2 baseline surveys] (e.g., adaptive coping strategies, racial socialization) and risk factors, (e.g., history of trauma, socioeconomic disadvantage) on alcohol use reported via EMAs. Achieving the study’s goal of identifying how racial microaggressions lead to drinking behaviors will uncover novel targets to spur the development of innovative focused prevention and intervention strategies for hazardous alcohol use among African American young adults, in keeping with NIAAA’s Strategic Plan for Fiscal Years 2022-2026 of promoting health equity.