Ecological Momentary Assessment of Racial Microaggressions and Alcohol Use in African American Young Adults

项目摘要 非裔美国人成年人不成比例地暴露在压力因素中，如种族歧视， 增加酗酒风险，且比白色成年人更容易患上与酒精有关的疾病， 伤害和负面的社会后果。非裔美国人报告说， 涉及蓄意种族主义行为或微妙的有辱人格、排斥或否定行为的歧视性事件， 被称为种族微攻击，每天都有尽管种族歧视与 虽然饮酒行为已经被记录在案，但其影响的时间和修饰剂仍然很大程度上未知。在 在拟议的研究中，我们将评估种族微攻击作为非洲人饮酒的前因。 美国年轻人通过生态瞬时评估（EMA），以捕捉在颗粒的关联 在重度酒精使用风险的高峰发育期的水平。本研究建立在两个核心基础之上 前提：（1）更准确地了解非洲裔美国年轻人的日常，真实的世界经验 与种族微攻击及其对饮酒行为的影响是至关重要的，以告知R 01水平， 减少这一高危人群饮酒的生态瞬时干预;（2）有效性 这种干预措施的有效性取决于其在目标人群中的可用性和可接受性。为了实现目标1， EMA设计的建立，我们将通过社交媒体招募[100]年龄在18至25岁的非洲裔美国成年人 经常饮酒的人完成调查，评估种族歧视的性质和频率， 微攻击和酗酒30名调查参与者（最低、中间和最高级别各10名 种族微攻击频率分布的三分之一）将参加可用性测试，以完善EMA 设计，包括采样周期、项目数量和提示频率，并确定最低 有效使用EMA的种族微攻击经验的频率。[In目标2，我们将招募一名新的 样本100名参与者]，以完成为期21天的密集、重复和简短的基于智能手机的EMA研究 追踪酒精使用和种族微攻击的情况我们将调查内部和之间- 种族微攻击对酒精使用行为的影响，利用多层次建模方法， 检测滞后（例如，第二天，以及当天的影响。对于探索性目标3，我们将研究缓冲 和潜在保护因素的恶化效应[在目标2基线调查中评估]（例如，自适应 应对策略，种族社会化）和风险因素，（例如，创伤史、社会经济劣势） 通过EMA报告的酒精使用。实现研究的目标，确定种族微侵略如何导致 饮酒行为将揭示新的目标，以刺激创新的重点预防的发展， 非洲裔美国年轻人危险酒精使用的干预战略， NIAAA的2022-2026财政年度战略计划，旨在促进健康公平。

Project Summary African American adults are disproportionately exposed to stressors, such as racial discrimination, that increase risk for problem drinking and are more likely than White adults to experience alcohol-related illness, injuries, and negative social consequences. African Americans report experiencing everyday race-related discriminatory events involving intentional acts of racism or subtle degrading, excluding, or negating acts, known as racial microaggressions, as frequently as daily. Although the link between racial discrimination and drinking behaviors has been documented, the timing and modifiers of the effects remain largely unknown. In the proposed study, we will assess racial microaggressions as antecedents to alcohol use among African American young adults via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to capture the association at a granular level during the peak developmental period of risk for heavy alcohol use. The study is built on two core premises: (1) More accurate understanding of African American young adults’ daily, real world experiences with racial microaggressions and their impact on drinking behaviors is critical to inform an R01 level, ecological momentary intervention to reduce alcohol use among this high-risk group; and (2) the effectiveness of such an intervention hinges on its usability and acceptability in the target population. To address Aim 1, establishment of the EMA design, we will recruit via social media [100] African American adults aged 18 to 25 who engage in regular alcohol use to complete surveys assessing the nature and frequency of racial microaggressions and alcohol use. Thirty survey participants (10 each from the lowest, middle, and highest thirds of the racial microaggression frequency distribution) will take part in usability testing to refine EMA design, including sampling periods, number of items, and frequency of prompts, and to establish the minimum frequency of racial microaggression experiences for valid use of the EMA. [In Aim 2, we will recruit a new sample of 100 participants] to complete a 21-day intensive, repeated, and brief smartphone-based EMA study to track alcohol use and instances of racial microaggressions. We will investigate both the within- and between- subject effects of racial microaggressions on alcohol use behaviors utilizing multilevel-modeling approaches to detect lagged (e.g., next day) as well as same day effects. For Exploratory Aim 3, we will investigate buffering and exacerbating effects of potential protective factors [assessed in Aim 2 baseline surveys] (e.g., adaptive coping strategies, racial socialization) and risk factors, (e.g., history of trauma, socioeconomic disadvantage) on alcohol use reported via EMAs. Achieving the study’s goal of identifying how racial microaggressions lead to drinking behaviors will uncover novel targets to spur the development of innovative focused prevention and intervention strategies for hazardous alcohol use among African American young adults, in keeping with NIAAA’s Strategic Plan for Fiscal Years 2022-2026 of promoting health equity.