Racism-related stress and birth outcomes among Latinas: New tools for maximizing conceptual and methodological validity

拉丁美洲人与种族主义相关的压力和出生结果：最大化概念和方法有效性的新工具

• 批准号: 10722295
• 负责人: Amanda Danielle Perez
• 金额: $ 13.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-02 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10722295
• 关键词: African American; Area; Attention; Automobile Driving; Big Data; Biological; Birth; Categories; Characteristics; Chronic; County; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Development; Disparity; Environment; Event; Foundations; Future; Geographic Locations; Goals; Health; High birth weight infant; Hostility; Hypertension; Incidence; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Latina; Latina Population; Latinx; Left; Length; Link; Literature; Low Birth Weight Infant; Maternal Health; Measures; Methodology; Mothers; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Phase; Premature Birth; Preparation; Psychometrics; Qualitative Research; Race; Reporting; Research; Resource Allocation; Risk; Sampling; Social Desirability; Social Environment; Stress; Structural Racism; Subgroup; System; Testing; Time; Training; Vital Statistics; Woman; adverse birth outcomes; allostatic load; ethnic disparity; ethnic minority population; experience; long-standing disparities; low socioeconomic status; neglect; novel; outcome disparities; perceived discrimination; psychosocial stressors; racial bias; racial discrimination; racial disparity; racial minority; racial minority population; racism; social stress; stressor; telomere; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Despite the well-known Latina birth paradox, recent data (2020) show that Latina mothers are 1.2-1.5 times more likely to have low birth weight infants compared to White mothers. Additionally, compared to White women, annual national vital statistics data from 1989 through 2020 show consistently higher rates of worse birth outcomes among Latinas. The longstanding focus on the Latina birth paradox has left a gap in the literature, resulting in a critical need for research on birth outcome disparities faced by Latinas, and the mechanisms driving those disparities. We propose two novel mechanisms as contributors to poor birth outcomes for Latinas: anticipatory racism threat and area-level racial bias. A strong body of evidence has demonstrated links between chronic social stress and poor birth outcomes. Racial discrimination, a chronic psychosocial stressor, is a prominent explanation for racial/ethnic disparities in birth outcomes. However, evidence is limited by the predominant focus on racism events and racism experiences at the individual-level. We previously developed and validated a measure of anticipatory racism threat (aRT) for African American women and found associations with hypertension, allostatic load and telomere length. These preliminary studies suggest that anticipating racism, above and beyond actual racism events, is related to biological dysregulation, including dysregulation of systems that have previously been linked with low birthweight and preterm birth. Another neglected component of racism-related stress is area-level racial bias. Emerging evidence demonstrates significant links between negative area-level racial sentiment and birth outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities groups. The specific objectives of the K99 phase are to 1) create and psychometrically validate an aRT-Latina scale and 2) examine associations with low birth weight and preterm birth in recent Latina mothers. R00 phase objectives include developing and testing associations between a novel county-level indicator of area-level racial bias towards Latines and county-level birth outcomes among Latinas. The expected impact of the proposed research is re-focusing attention on poor birth outcomes among Latinas, a long-standing disparity but largely neglected area of investigation; helping to elucidate some of the predictors and underlying mechanisms driving those disparities; and ultimately informing the types of interventions likely to ameliorate those disparities. These data will also provide preliminary data for a subsequent R01 application. Our central hypothesis is that higher anticipatory racism threat and more negative area-level racial bias toward Latines will predict worse birth outcomes (i.e., low birth weight and pre-term birth) for Latina mothers.

项目概要/摘要 尽管拉丁裔出生悖论众所周知，但最近的数据（2020 年）显示，拉丁裔母亲的出生悖论是拉丁裔母亲的 1.2-1.5 倍 与白人母亲相比，他们更有可能生出低出生体重的婴儿。另外，与白 1989 年至 2020 年的年度国家生命统计数据显示，妇女的情况恶化率持续较高 拉丁裔的出生结果。长期以来对拉丁裔出生悖论的关注留下了一个空白 文献，导致迫切需要研究拉丁裔面临的出生结果差异，以及 造成这些差异的机制。我们提出了两种导致不良出生的新机制 拉丁裔的结果：预期的种族主义威胁和地区种族偏见。强有力的证据表明 证明了慢性社会压力与不良出生结果之间的联系。种族歧视，长期存在 社会心理压力源是出生结果中种族/民族差异的一个重要解释。然而， 由于主要关注个人层面的种族主义事件和种族主义经历，证据有限。 我们之前开发并验证了针对非裔美国人的预期种族主义威胁 (aRT) 的衡量标准 女性，发现与高血压、稳态负荷和端粒长度有关。这些初步的 研究表明，除了实际发生的种族主义事件之外，对种族主义的预期与生物学有关。 失调，包括以前与低出生体重有关的系统失调 早产。种族主义相关压力的另一个被忽视的组成部分是地区层面的种族偏见。新兴 有证据表明，地区层面的负面种族情绪与出生结果之间存在显着联系 少数种族/族裔群体。 K99 阶段的具体目标是 1) 创建和心理测量 验证 aRT-Latina 量表并 2) 检查最近与低出生体重和早产的关联 拉丁裔母亲。 R00 阶段的目标包括开发和测试新颖的 地区级对拉丁裔的种族偏见和拉丁裔的县级出生结果的县级指标。 拟议研究的预期影响是重新关注拉丁裔的不良出生结果， 长期存在差异但在很大程度上被忽视的调查领域；帮助阐明一些预测因素 以及造成这些差异的根本机制；并最终告知可能采取的干预措施类型 来改善这些差距。这些数据也将为后续的R01应用提供初步数据。 我们的中心假设是，更高的预期种族主义威胁和更负面的地区种族偏见 拉丁美洲人会预测拉丁裔母亲的出生结果会更差（即低出生体重和早产）。