Racism-related stress and birth outcomes among Latinas: New tools for maximizing conceptual and methodological validity

拉丁美洲人与种族主义相关的压力和出生结果：最大化概念和方法有效性的新工具

• 批准号: 10722295
• 负责人: Amanda Danielle Perez
• 金额: $ 13.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-02 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10722295
• 关键词: African American; Area; Attention; Automobile Driving; Big Data; Biological; Birth; Categories; Characteristics; Chronic; County; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Development; Disparity; Environment; Event; Foundations; Future; Geographic Locations; Goals; Health; High birth weight infant; Hostility; Hypertension; Incidence; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Latina; Latina Population; Latinx; Left; Length; Link; Literature; Low Birth Weight Infant; Maternal Health; Measures; Methodology; Mothers; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Phase; Premature Birth; Preparation; Psychometrics; Qualitative Research; Race; Reporting; Research; Resource Allocation; Risk; Sampling; Social Desirability; Social Environment; Stress; Structural Racism; Subgroup; System; Testing; Time; Training; Vital Statistics; Woman; adverse birth outcomes; allostatic load; ethnic disparity; ethnic minority population; experience; long-standing disparities; low socioeconomic status; neglect; novel; outcome disparities; perceived discrimination; psychosocial stressors; racial bias; racial discrimination; racial disparity; racial minority; racial minority population; racism; social stress; stressor; telomere; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Despite the well-known Latina birth paradox, recent data (2020) show that Latina mothers are 1.2-1.5 times more likely to have low birth weight infants compared to White mothers. Additionally, compared to White women, annual national vital statistics data from 1989 through 2020 show consistently higher rates of worse birth outcomes among Latinas. The longstanding focus on the Latina birth paradox has left a gap in the literature, resulting in a critical need for research on birth outcome disparities faced by Latinas, and the mechanisms driving those disparities. We propose two novel mechanisms as contributors to poor birth outcomes for Latinas: anticipatory racism threat and area-level racial bias. A strong body of evidence has demonstrated links between chronic social stress and poor birth outcomes. Racial discrimination, a chronic psychosocial stressor, is a prominent explanation for racial/ethnic disparities in birth outcomes. However, evidence is limited by the predominant focus on racism events and racism experiences at the individual-level. We previously developed and validated a measure of anticipatory racism threat (aRT) for African American women and found associations with hypertension, allostatic load and telomere length. These preliminary studies suggest that anticipating racism, above and beyond actual racism events, is related to biological dysregulation, including dysregulation of systems that have previously been linked with low birthweight and preterm birth. Another neglected component of racism-related stress is area-level racial bias. Emerging evidence demonstrates significant links between negative area-level racial sentiment and birth outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities groups. The specific objectives of the K99 phase are to 1) create and psychometrically validate an aRT-Latina scale and 2) examine associations with low birth weight and preterm birth in recent Latina mothers. R00 phase objectives include developing and testing associations between a novel county-level indicator of area-level racial bias towards Latines and county-level birth outcomes among Latinas. The expected impact of the proposed research is re-focusing attention on poor birth outcomes among Latinas, a long-standing disparity but largely neglected area of investigation; helping to elucidate some of the predictors and underlying mechanisms driving those disparities; and ultimately informing the types of interventions likely to ameliorate those disparities. These data will also provide preliminary data for a subsequent R01 application. Our central hypothesis is that higher anticipatory racism threat and more negative area-level racial bias toward Latines will predict worse birth outcomes (i.e., low birth weight and pre-term birth) for Latina mothers.

项目摘要/摘要 尽管拉丁裔出生悖论广为人知，但最近(2020)的数据显示，拉丁裔母亲是拉丁裔母亲的1.2-1.5倍 与白人母亲相比，出生体重较低的婴儿更有可能。此外，与白色相比， 女性，从1989年到2020年的年度国家生命统计数据显示，恶化的比率一直较高 拉丁裔的出生结局。对拉丁裔出生悖论的长期关注在 文献，导致迫切需要研究拉丁裔面临的出生结果差异，以及 驱动这些差异的机制。我们提出了两种新的机制，作为导致出生不良的因素 拉丁裔的结果：预期的种族主义威胁和地区层面的种族偏见。强有力的证据表明 显示了慢性社会压力和不良生育结果之间的联系。种族歧视，一种慢性疾病 心理社会应激源，是种族/民族生育结果差异的一个重要解释。然而， 证据主要集中在种族主义事件和个人一级的种族主义经历，这限制了证据。 我们之前开发并验证了对非裔美国人的预期种族主义威胁(ART)的衡量标准 并发现与高血压、不平衡负荷和端粒长度有关。这些初步的 研究表明，除了实际的种族主义事件之外，对种族主义的预期也与生物学有关 调节失调，包括之前与低出生体重和低出生体重有关的系统调节失调 早产。与种族主义有关的压力的另一个被忽视的组成部分是地区一级的种族偏见。新兴 有证据表明，在地区一级的负面种族情绪和出生结果之间存在显著联系 种族/少数民族群体。K99阶段的具体目标是1)创建和心理测量学 验证ART-Latina量表，并2)检查近年来低出生体重和早产的关系 拉丁裔母亲。R00阶段的目标包括开发和测试新的 县级指标，反映地区一级对厕所的种族偏见和拉丁美洲人的县级生育结果。 这项拟议研究的预期影响是重新将注意力集中在拉丁裔中的不良生育结果上， 一个长期存在但在很大程度上被忽视的调查领域；有助于阐明一些预测因素 以及驱动这些差异的潜在机制；并最终告知可能的干预类型 以改善这些差距。这些数据还将为后续的R01应用提供初步数据。 我们的中心假设是，更高的预期种族主义威胁和更负面的地区层面的种族偏见 拉丁裔母亲会预测更糟糕的分娩结局(即低出生体重和早产)。