Multi-Omics Correlates of Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Efficacy

摘要 积累的数据表明，在ART抑制的情况下，给予广谱中和抗体(BNAbs)， SHIV感染的非人灵长类动物和HIV-1感染的人类可以延缓ART后的病毒反弹 停产。然而，bNAbs的作用机制仍有待确定。多重 机制可能有助于bNAbs延缓病毒反弹的有效性，包括直接抗病毒 针对复制病毒的活性、针对具有复制能力的病毒库以及诸如 通过“疫苗”效应增强细胞免疫反应。理解作用机制 潜在的bNAb疗效将导致这些和其他HIV-1治愈策略的优化。 在项目1中，我们假设bNAbs除了提供 直接抗病毒作用，这两种作用都有助于观察到以下长期病毒学控制 艺术的中断。另一种假说是，bNAbs有助于长期的抗病毒疗效。 通过疫苗效应调节宿主细胞免疫。为了评估这些假设，我们建议 两个具体目标： 目的1.确定HIV-1感染者中基于bNAb的病毒学控制的多组学相关性。 我们将对现有的临床标本进行全面的病毒学、免疫学和多组学分析。 从T003研究中得出关于长期病毒学控制与短期病毒学控制的相关性的假设。 目的2.明确新城疫病毒感染恒河猴淋巴组织中bNAb的作用机制。 我们将进行干预性研究，以验证bNAbs可以靶向淋巴中的病毒库的假设。 新城疫病毒感染恒河猴的结节和胃肠粘膜。 我们将应用尖端的、高通量的、多组学分析平台，详细说明请参阅Core B(多OMICS 核心)，以确定bNAb治疗的影响。然后，我们将在Core C(计算)中集成多组学数据 分析核心)，以生成病毒库和宿主的全面格局和监管网络 BNAb治疗后的免疫反应。这些数据将定义bNAbs对复制的影响- 以前所未有的分辨率获得合格的病毒库，这将为下一步提供关键的见解 新一代HIV-1的治愈努力。

SUMMARY Accumulating data suggests that administration of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in ART-suppressed, SHIV-infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) and HIV-1-infected humans can delay viral rebound following ART discontinuation. However, the mechanism underlying the efficacy of bNAbs remains to be determined. Multiple mechanisms may contribute to the effectiveness of bNAbs in delaying viral rebound, including direct antiviral activity against replicating virus, targeting of the replication-competent viral reservoir, and indirect effects such as augmenting cellular immune responses via the “vaccinal” effect. Understanding the mechanism of action underlying bNAb efficacy will lead to optimization of these and other HIV-1 cure strategies. In Project 1, we hypothesize that bNAbs can directly target the viral reservoir in addition to providing direct antiviral effects, both of which contribute to the observed long-term virologic control following ART discontinuation. An alternative hypothesis is that bNAbs contribute to long-term antiviral efficacy by modulating host cellular immunity via the vaccinal effect. To evaluate these hypotheses, we propose two Specific Aims: Aim 1. To determine multi-omics correlates of bNAb based virologic control in HIV-1-infected humans. We will perform a comprehensive virologic, immunologic, and multi-omics analysis of existing clinical specimens from the T003 study to generate hypotheses regarding correlates of long term vs. short term virologic control. Aim 2. To define mechanisms of bNAb efficacy in lymphoid tissues in SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. We will perform interventional studies to test the hypothesis that bNAbs can target the viral reservoir in lymph nodes and gastrointestinal mucosa in SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. We will apply cutting-edge, high-throughput, multi-omics profiling platforms detailed in Core B (Multi-Omics Core) to define the impact of bNAb therapy. We will then integrate the multi-omics data in Core C (Computational Analysis Core) to generate a comprehensive landscape and regulatory network of the viral reservoir and host immune responses following bNAb therapy. These data will define the impact of bNAbs on the replication- competent viral reservoir at an unprecedented level of resolution, which will provide critical insights for next generation HIV-1 cure efforts.