Multi-Omics Correlates of Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Efficacy

总结 累积的数据表明，在ART抑制的， HIV感染的非人灵长类动物（NHP）和HIV-1感染的人类可以延迟ART后的病毒反弹 中止然而，bNAb功效的潜在机制仍有待确定。多 这些机制可能有助于bNAb延缓病毒反弹的有效性，包括直接抗病毒 抗复制病毒的活性、靶向有复制能力的病毒储库，以及间接作用， 通过“疫苗”效应增强细胞免疫反应。了解作用机制 潜在的bNAb功效将导致这些和其他HIV-1治愈策略的优化。 在项目1中，我们假设bNAb除了提供免疫原性外，还可以直接靶向病毒库。 直接的抗病毒作用，这两种作用都有助于观察到的长期病毒学控制， 停止抗逆转录病毒疗法。另一种假设是bNAb有助于长期抗病毒疗效 通过疫苗效应调节宿主细胞免疫。为了评估这些假设，我们建议 两个具体目标： 目标1.确定HIV-1感染者中基于bNAb的病毒学控制的多组学相关性。 我们将对现有的临床标本进行全面的病毒学、免疫学和多组学分析 从T003研究中得出关于长期与短期病毒学控制相关性的假设。 目标2.明确bNAb在SHIV感染恒河猴淋巴组织中的作用机制。 我们将进行干预性研究，以测试bNAb可以靶向淋巴中的病毒库的假设 淋巴结和胃肠道粘膜的SHIV感染恒河猴。 我们将应用核心B（多组学）中详细介绍的尖端、高通量、多组学分析平台 核心），以确定bNAb治疗的影响。然后，我们将多组学数据集成到核心C（计算 分析核心），以生成病毒储库和宿主的全面景观和调控网络 bNAb治疗后的免疫反应。这些数据将定义bNAb对复制的影响- 在前所未有的分辨率水平上的合格病毒库，这将为下一个 一代HIV-1治愈的努力。

SUMMARY Accumulating data suggests that administration of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in ART-suppressed, SHIV-infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) and HIV-1-infected humans can delay viral rebound following ART discontinuation. However, the mechanism underlying the efficacy of bNAbs remains to be determined. Multiple mechanisms may contribute to the effectiveness of bNAbs in delaying viral rebound, including direct antiviral activity against replicating virus, targeting of the replication-competent viral reservoir, and indirect effects such as augmenting cellular immune responses via the “vaccinal” effect. Understanding the mechanism of action underlying bNAb efficacy will lead to optimization of these and other HIV-1 cure strategies. In Project 1, we hypothesize that bNAbs can directly target the viral reservoir in addition to providing direct antiviral effects, both of which contribute to the observed long-term virologic control following ART discontinuation. An alternative hypothesis is that bNAbs contribute to long-term antiviral efficacy by modulating host cellular immunity via the vaccinal effect. To evaluate these hypotheses, we propose two Specific Aims: Aim 1. To determine multi-omics correlates of bNAb based virologic control in HIV-1-infected humans. We will perform a comprehensive virologic, immunologic, and multi-omics analysis of existing clinical specimens from the T003 study to generate hypotheses regarding correlates of long term vs. short term virologic control. Aim 2. To define mechanisms of bNAb efficacy in lymphoid tissues in SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. We will perform interventional studies to test the hypothesis that bNAbs can target the viral reservoir in lymph nodes and gastrointestinal mucosa in SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. We will apply cutting-edge, high-throughput, multi-omics profiling platforms detailed in Core B (Multi-Omics Core) to define the impact of bNAb therapy. We will then integrate the multi-omics data in Core C (Computational Analysis Core) to generate a comprehensive landscape and regulatory network of the viral reservoir and host immune responses following bNAb therapy. These data will define the impact of bNAbs on the replication- competent viral reservoir at an unprecedented level of resolution, which will provide critical insights for next generation HIV-1 cure efforts.