Photoreceptor Disk Formation and Retinal Degenerations

项目摘要/摘要 分子神经科学和细胞生物学中最基本的过程之一是正确地组装 信号传导膜，包括蛋白质组分的运输和分类。一个主要原因是 视网膜变性和其他遗传性疾病是蛋白质的不正确定位和组织 脂类。这项研究的总体目标是了解参与调控的细胞机制。 支持蛋白质和细胞器定位以及光感受器盘形成的细胞骨架网络。 在光感受器视盘中发现的编码蛋白质的基因突变经常导致视盘的异常形成 导致视网膜退化，并表现为视网膜色素变性或Leber‘s等致盲疾病 先天性黑猩猩。我们的长期目标是了解偏振光感受器所需的机制 细胞的生长和维持，这两个过程需要蛋白质通过纤毛运输。我们最近做了 发现一种动力蛋白介导的细胞增殖或分裂运动的调节因子，核分布蛋白 C(NUDC)，在光感受器盘的组装和维护中起着至关重要的作用。这是一个新的角色 无运动的有丝分裂后光感受器细胞的发育蛋白。我们的初步结果强烈表明 NUDC参与调节和维持F-肌动蛋白结构的分子通路 盘状结构，包括蛋白质cofilin1和热休克蛋白90(HSP90)。我们的数据显示NUDC对 Cofilin1(CFL1)，以维持磁盘结构所需的F-肌动蛋白体系结构。我们的初步数据还显示 NUDC影响杆状细胞内段线粒体的大小和定位，很可能是由于 NUDC对这些细胞中微管网络的调节。此外，我们还确定了NUDC的一个新角色 作为视网膜退行性变的神经保护剂，很可能是通过抑制HSP90。

Project Summary/Abstract One of the most fundamental processes in molecular neuroscience and cell biology is the proper assembly of signal-transducing membranes including the transport and sorting of protein components. A major cause of retinal degenerations and other inherited disorders is the improper localization of proteins and organization of lipids. The overall goal of this study is to understand the cellular mechanisms involved in regulation of the cytoskeletal network that underpins protein and organelle localization and photoreceptor disk formation. Mutations in genes encoding proteins found in photoreceptor disks often induce abnormal disk formation resulting in retinal degeneration and manifest as blinding diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa or Leber’s congenital amaurosis. Our long-term goal is to understand the mechanisms required for polarized photoreceptor cell growth and maintenance, two processes that require protein trafficking across the cilium. We have recently found that a regulator of dynein-mediated movement in proliferating or dividing cells, nuclear distribution protein C (NUDC), has a critical function in photoreceptor disk assembly and maintenance. This is a novel role for this developmental protein in non-motile post-mitotic photoreceptor cells. Our preliminary results strongly indicate NUDC is involved in a molecular pathway that regulates and maintains the F-actin architecture necessary for disk structure, including the proteins cofilin1 and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Our data show NUDC regulates cofilin1 (CFL1) to maintain the F-actin architecture necessary for disk structure. Our preliminary data also show that NUDC affects mitochondria size and localization within the inner segment of rod cells, most likely due to NUDC’s regulation of the microtubule network in these cells. In addition, we have identified a novel role of NUDC as a neuroprotective agent in retinal degenerations, most likely through the inhibition of HSP90.