Advanced Optical Image Probe for Neurophysiology

用于神经生理学的先进光学图像探头

• 批准号: 7231035
• 负责人: DAVID M RECTOR
• 金额: $ 27.3万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-07-01 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7231035
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Anatomy; Area; Bathing; Biological Neural Networks; Birefringence; Blood flow; Brain; Cerebrum; Complement; Cortical Column; Data; Development; Diagnostic tests; Dyes; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Electromagnetic Energy; Event; Functional Imaging; Future; Goals; Hemodynamic Processes; Human; Image; Imaging Techniques; Invasive; Light; Lighting; Lobster; Localized; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Membrane Potentials; Metabolic; Metabolic Activation; Neurons; Noise; Optical Methods; Optics; Patients; Pattern; Perfusion; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Population; Positron-Emission Tomography; Process; Psyche structure; Pulse taking; Rattus; Refractive Indices; Regulation; Research Personnel; Resolution; Scanning; Signal Transduction; Somatosensory Cortex; Stimulus; Structure; Swelling; Techniques; Testing; Three-Dimensional Image; Three-Dimensional Imaging; Time; Tissues; hemodynamics; imaging probe; improved; in vivo; migration; movie; neurophysiology; optical imaging; practical application; relating to nervous system; response; voltage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): At the center of most diagnostic tests for human mental function is an imaging technique that visualizes activity patterns across the brain. In the near future, we can imagine the development of an examination table which non-invasively bathes the patient with electromagnetic waves, scanning for both structure and function, and creating three dimensional (3D) images or movies. Many such imaging techniques are available, including PET, MRI, MEG, EEG and optical techniques which offer a unique complement and significant advantages. Most optical methods visualize comparatively slow processes such as the changes in blood flow, volume and oxygenation that accompany metabolic activation of neural tissue. Changes in light absorbance associated with metabolic and hemodynamic processes are robust and relatively easy to obtain non-invasively, but spatial and temporal resolution is limited by the anatomy and physiological regulation of cerebral perfusion. We have observed very fast optical changes in rat somatosensory cortex that are directly related to the evoked electrical response and to a fast (200-600 Hz) oscillation that accompanies the evoked response. Such in-vivo signals are small compared to noise, often requiring 1000 to 4000 averages, and preclude dynamic studies of neural activation. Our principal aim is to investigate the biophysical mechanisms of fast optical signals and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in mammalian neural tissue. To accomplish this aim we will pursue 3 specific aims. First, we will test the hypothesis that confocal birefringence illumination will enhance the faster optical signals over the slower hemodynamic components traditionally seen with bright-field illumination. Our second aim will test the hypothesis that the early components of the fast optical signals will localize specifically to the cortical column. Within our third aim, we will test the hypothesis that birefringence signals originate from a change in refractive index due to cellular swelling and will follow voltage sensitive dye and membrane potentials. Over the past 3 years we have significantly improved the utility of optical measurements for recording fast neurophysiological events. Accomplishment of these new goals is crucial to moving optical techniques into more practical applications that image electrical correlates of neural activity with better signal-to-noise.

描述（由申请人提供）：在大多数人类精神功能诊断测试的中心是一种成像技术，可以可视化整个大脑的活动模式。在不久的将来，我们可以想象一种检查台的发展，该检查台用电磁波非侵入性地沐浴患者，扫描结构和功能，并创建三维（3D）图像或电影。许多这样的成像技术是可用的，包括PET、MRI、MEG、EEG和光学技术，它们提供了独特的补充和显著的优势。大多数光学方法可视化相对缓慢的过程，例如伴随神经组织代谢活化的血流量，体积和氧合的变化。与代谢和血液动力学过程相关的吸光度变化是稳健的，并且相对容易以非侵入性方式获得，但是空间和时间分辨率受到脑灌注的解剖学和生理学调节的限制。我们已经观察到非常快的光学变化，在大鼠体感皮层，直接相关的诱发电反应和快速（200-600赫兹）振荡，伴随着诱发反应。这种体内信号与噪声相比很小，通常需要1000至4000个平均值，并且排除了神经激活的动态研究。我们的主要目标是研究快速光信号的生物物理机制并提高哺乳动物神经组织的信噪比。为了实现这一目标，我们将努力实现三个具体目标。首先，我们将测试的假设，共焦双折射照明将提高更快的光信号比较慢的血流动力学组件传统上看到的明场照明。我们的第二个目标是检验快速光信号的早期成分将专门定位于皮质柱的假设。在我们的第三个目标，我们将测试的假设，即双折射信号起源于由于细胞肿胀的折射率的变化，并将遵循电压敏感的染料和膜电位。在过去的3年中，我们已经显着提高了记录快速神经生理事件的光学测量的效用。这些新目标的实现对于将光学技术应用到更实际的应用中至关重要，这些应用可以以更好的信噪比成像神经活动的电相关性。