Implantable 16-256 channel data system for sleep in mice

描述（由申请人提供）：睡眠不足和睡眠障碍对美国人的健康，社会和经济福祉的影响是巨大的。 然而，我们对睡眠的控制和功能的了解仍然非常有限，而且主要基于受试者被束缚的研究，具有显著的行为副作用。 因此，紧凑的，可植入的记录系统已成为睡眠研究中的一个主要因素，特别是在小型转基因小鼠模型中，拴系是不切实际的。 现有的遥测系统在它们可以收集的信息量方面受到严重限制，并且不利于大多数研究。 为了满足这一需求，我们组建了一个跨学科团队，以实现四个具体目标。 首先，我们将开发一种可长期植入神经组织皮质表面的柔性电极阵列。 传统的刚性电极阵列需要大的颅骨开口。 柔性阵列具有最小组织创伤的优点，因为仅需要颅骨中的狭槽来插入柔性阵列。 多通道记录的一个主要缺点来自16至256或更多个电生理通道所需的大量导线。 信号多路复用可以提供帮助，但包括放大器、滤波器和多路复用器在内的可用组件相对较大。 因此，我们的第二个目标将开发一个微型模拟系统的芯片，包括前置放大器，滤波器，多路复用器和16位模数转换器采样16至256通道高达32 kHz的每通道。 该芯片最初只需要5根线进行串行数字连接，重量不到1克。我们的第三个目标是实现高速无线技术，使串行数字数据能够直接从采集芯片传输到我们的计算机接口卡，而不需要使用电线。 数字无线技术的最新发展已经允许通过传输信号的前所未有的数据速率。 然而，为了使无线技术有效，我们的第四个目标将集中在一个植入式电源，使完全不受束缚的记录。 将探索不同的电源技术，包括电池和电感。 当在自由行为的动物，特别是小型啮齿动物中需要电生理学、EEC、SEP和多单元电极的许多通道时，本提案中开发的技术将为神经科学提供强大的新工具。 这项新技术对于需要许多高数据速率通道的无线医疗设备尤为重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The impact of sleep loss and sleep disorders on the health, social and economic well being of Americans is enormous. Yet our knowledge about the control and function of sleep remains severely limited, and based largely on studies where subjects are tethered, with significant behavioral side- effects. Thus, compact, implantable recording systems have become a major factor in sleep studies, especially in small transgenic mouse models where tethering is not practical. Existing telemetry systems are severely limited in the amount of information they can gather, and are not conducive for most studies. To address this need, we have assembled an interdisciplinary team to address four specific aims. First, we will develop a flexible electrode array that can be chronically implanted on the cortical surface of neural tissue. Traditional rigid electrode arrays require large skull openings. The flexible array has the advantage of minimal tissue trauma because only a slot in the skull is needed to insert the flexible array. One major drawback of multi-channel recordings comes from the large number of wires required for 16 to 256 or more channels of electrophysiology. Signals multiplexing can help, but available components including amplifiers, filters and multiplexers are comparatively large. Thus, our second aim will develop a miniature analog-system-on-a-chip, including preamplifiers, filters, multiplexer and 16 bit analog-to-digital converter for sampling 16 to 256 channels up to 32 kHz per channel. The chip will initially require only 5 wires for a serial digital connection and will weigh less than 1 gram. Our third aim will be to implement high speed wireless technology to allow the serial digital data to be transmitted directly from the acquisition chip to our computer interface card without the use of wires. Recent developments in digital wireless technology have allowed unprecedented data rates through transmitted signals. However, in order for wireless technology to be effective, our fourth aim will focus on an implantable power source enabling fully untethered recordings. Different power source technologies will be explored including battery and magnetic inductance. The technologies developed within this proposal will provide powerful new tools for neuroscience when many channels of electrophysiology, EEC, SEP and multi-unit electrodes are required in freely behaving animals, especially small rodents. The new technology is particularly important for wireless medical devices that require many channels with high data rates.