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A mechanistic study of the association between poverty and executive functions in early childhood: Contributions of early brain development and the early caregiving environment

贫困与幼儿期执行功能之间关系的机制研究：早期大脑发育和早期护理环境的贡献

基本信息

批准号：
10311102
负责人：
Cathi Barbra Propper
金额：
$ 60.95万
依托单位：
UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-02-10 至 2024-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Project Summary Chronic stress for children growing up in poverty may lead to lasting effects on social, behavioral, and cognitive development. The difficulties of living in economic hardship has, indeed, been associated with deficits in cognitive and academic performance. The current study examines the link between poverty and executive functions (cognitive processes that facilitate learning, self-monitoring, and decision making) which are known to undergo rapid developmental change during the first years of life. Early neurological development will be examined as a mediator of this association examined from pregnancy to age 3. In addition to distal risk associated with living in poverty, we will investigate critical experiences within the proximal context (i.e., language exposure, caregiver behavior, child sleep hygiene) that may mediate the effect of this risk on child structural and functional brain development. Participants (n= 230) will be seen during the 28th week of pregnancy, and at 5 visits across the first 3 years of their child's life. Neuroimaging will be conducted at 2 weeks, 15 and 24 months (with an accompanying lab visit at 15 months). We will focus on developing white matter tracts that support cognitive processes of emerging executive functions: anterior cingulum (error monitoring); uncinate (joint attention); arcuate fasciculus (language processing) and individual differences in functional brain development, including resting state networks of salience, attention, executive control, and default-mode. At 6 and 24 months of age, an intensive home visit will include observational and objective measures of caregiver behavior, language exposure (via speech recorders) and sleep hygiene (via actigraphy for 7 days). Child cognitive development will be assessed at each assessment and an executive functioning battery will be administered at 36 months of age. This study will be the first to investigate the influence of poverty on emerging executive functioning at age 3 via effects on child neurological development over the first two years of life. In addition, findings will contribute critical information regarding whether specific measures of proximal experience (language exposure, caregiver behavior, child sleep hygiene) may mediate this risk.

项目概要在贫困中长大的儿童的长期压力可能会对社会、行为和认知发展。经济困难导致生活困难，事实上，这与认知和学业成绩的缺陷有关。目前的研究考察了贫困与执行功能（认知过程）之间的联系促进学习、自我监控和决策），众所周知，这些过程会快速发生生命最初几年的发育变化。早期神经发育将作为这种关联的中介因素，从怀孕到 3 岁进行了检查。除了与生活贫困相关的远端风险，我们将调查近端情境（即语言接触、看护者行为、儿童睡眠卫生）可能会介导这种风险对儿童大脑结构和功能发育的影响。参与者 (n= 230) 将在怀孕第 28 周期间进行观察，并在整个期间进行 5 次就诊孩子生命的前三年。神经影像学检查将在 2 周、15 个月和 24 个月时进行（15 个月时进行一次实验室访问）。我们将重点开发白质束支持新兴执行功能的认知过程：前扣带回（错误监控）；钩（共同注意）；弓状束（语言处理）和个体大脑功能发育的差异，包括静息状态的显着网络，注意力、执行控制和默认模式。 6 个月和 24 个月大时，进入重症监护室访问将包括对护理人员行为、语言的观察和客观测量暴露（通过语音记录仪）和睡眠卫生（通过 7 天的体动记录仪）。儿童认知每次评估都会对发展进行评估，并且将建立一个执行职能小组 36个月龄时注射。本研究将首次调查贫困对新兴高管的影响通过影响儿童生命头两年的神经发育，在 3 岁时发挥功能。此外，调查结果将提供重要信息，说明具体措施是否近端经验（语言接触、看护者行为、儿童睡眠卫生）可能会起到调节作用这种风险。