Components of Pupillary Dilation and Cognition

瞳孔扩张和认知的组成部分

• 批准号: 7691478
• 负责人: Stuart Robert Steinhauer
• 金额: $ 5.33万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-05 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7691478
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Attention; Brain; Brain region; Caliber; Cardiac; Characteristics; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Cohort Studies; Complement; Computer information processing; Conceptions; Control Groups; Darkness; Data; Deceleration; Depressed mood; Development; Dilator; Dissociation; Effectiveness; Emotional; Etiology; Evaluation; Event; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Image; Imaging technology; Individual; Invasive; Iris; Language; Light; Lighting; Linguistics; Measures; Mediating; Metabolic; Methodology; Muscle; Mydriasis; Operative Surgical Procedures; Pathway interactions; Patients; Perception; Physiological; Population; Procedures; Process; Progress Reports; Psyche structure; Psychophysiology; Pupil; Reaction; Relative (related person); Request for Applications; Research; Residual state; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Sphincter; Stimulus; System; Testing; Treatment Factor; base; concept; nerve supply; neuroimaging; neurophysiology; neuropsychiatry; oculomotor; research study; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This revised application requests continuing support to evaluate characteristics of information processing deficits in schizophrenia. Central to this research is the dissociation of processing effort from informational utilization. We suggest that most schizophrenia patients are actively expending effort to attend to information, while cognitive deficits reflect disturbances in analysis, integration, and manipulation of information. We propose to assess changes in pupil diameter because the pupillary system is exquisitely sensitive to differential activation on the basis of processing effort and informational complexity. A key objective is to evaluate differential sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the pupil to quantify the extent of cognitive deficits, while providing evidence for intact effortful processing in the same schizophrenia patients. Psychophysiological assessment will be carried out as patients perform tasks varying in attentional and processing demands. In the current application, special emphasis has been placed on paradigms associated with the concept of working memory, which has strongly impacted current views of processing deficits in schizophrenia. A psychiatric control group of depressed individuals also will be studied. To delineate the pathways that contribute to the changes in the pupillary control system, two non-invasive methodologies are employed. 1) The contribution of the parasympathetic pathway will be enhanced through modulation of illumination. 2) In schizophrenia patients and healthy control subjects, the final sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways will be isolated at separate experimental sessions by temporary pharmacological blockade of the complementary neuromusculature junction of the pupil. Direct evaluation of the relationship of pupillary changes and activation of brain regions will be accomplished by a study of concurrent pupillary and neuroimaging data in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Elucidating the neurophysiological systems that are affected in patients provides a rationale for exploring etiological factors and treatment strategies. Differentiation of processing capacity from general mental effort, in particular, allows a clear examination of the types of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Findings will further pinpoint functional systems to be examined using current and future imaging technologies.

描述（由申请人提供）：这份修订后的申请要求继续支持评估精神分裂症患者信息处理缺陷的特征。本研究的核心是将处理努力与信息利用分离开来。我们认为，大多数精神分裂症患者积极地花费精力去关注信息，而认知缺陷反映了分析、整合和操纵信息的障碍。我们建议评估瞳孔直径的变化，因为瞳孔系统在处理努力和信息复杂性的基础上对差异激活非常敏感。一个关键的目标是评估瞳孔的不同交感神经和副交感神经支配，以量化认知缺陷的程度，同时为同一精神分裂症患者的完整努力加工提供证据。心理生理评估将在患者执行注意力和处理需求不同的任务时进行。在当前的应用中，特别强调的是与工作记忆概念相关的范式，它强烈地影响了目前对精神分裂症加工缺陷的看法。一个由抑郁症患者组成的精神控制组也将被研究。为了描述瞳孔控制系统变化的途径，采用了两种非侵入性方法。1)通过照明的调节，副交感神经通路的作用将得到增强。2)在精神分裂症患者和健康对照者中，最终交感神经和副交感神经通路将在不同的实验阶段通过暂时阻断瞳孔的互补神经肌肉连接来分离。通过对精神分裂症患者和健康对照者的瞳孔和神经成像数据的研究，可以直接评估瞳孔变化和大脑区域激活之间的关系。阐明患者受影响的神经生理系统为探索病因和治疗策略提供了理论依据。特别是，将处理能力与一般精神努力区分开来，可以清楚地检查精神分裂症的认知缺陷类型。研究结果将进一步精确定位功能系统，使用当前和未来的成像技术进行检查。