Internet Monitoring Of Prescription Drug Abuse

描述（由申请人提供）：该II期申请继续开发药物风险互联网监测监视器（PRISM），这是一种创新的方法，用于对提示阿片类药物制剂转移/滥用的指标进行上市后监测。PRISM与公共卫生的相关性包括提供可靠和及时的数据，使卫生、执法、行业和社区领导人能够采取措施，限制与药物滥用爆发有关的潜在损害。PRISM将是第一个系统地开发和混合或部分自动化的互联网监测服务，在特定产品的层面上，跟踪娱乐性药物止痛剂使用者在讨论使用/滥用此类药物时的谈话。那些滥用处方阿片类药物的人可以开放访问网站，这些网站提供了用户关于这些药物的真实交流情况，包括对药物的想法和信念，以及对趋势和偏好的讨论。因此，对与毒品有关的信息进行互联网监测可能有助于预测滥用爆发的风险增加。这些互联网数据的潜力尚未以系统的方式加以利用，为毒品政策和规划提供信息。在第一阶段，与麻省理工学院通用查询（GI）的软件开发人员合作，探索自动自然语言处理方法对药物滥用者在线社区发布的非结构化、碎片化但具有揭示性的信息的贡献。人类编码人员实现了可靠的代码，支持将互联网帖子的内容分类为认可和阻止滥用不同产品的有意义的类别的可行性。完全自动化这样的编码可能还遥不可及。此外，这些代码可能不是从员额中获得的最有意义的定性资料。然而，根据提及特定产品的次数，讨论的总体水平似乎确实与滥用目标产品的吸引力有关。对这些帖子进行存档，使用计算机处理原始帖子，为人类编码器做好准备，并在数千个存档帖子中搜索选定的感兴趣的主题（例如，来源、提取方法、不良事件等），这些都有很大的好处。在第二阶段，我们将(1)开发软件，从符合条件的网站中查找、收集和存档帖子，以供后续分析；(2)细化定性问题的性质和类型；(3)开发和测试使用原始帖子自动处理的方法，以提高人工编码的可靠性和效率；(4)继续探索提高消息编码自动化的方法；(5)细化针对特定主题的帖子讨论的自动数据挖掘，包括（提取、提取、提取、提取、提取）；(6)对PRISM收集的数据进行外部效度检验。考虑到制药公司需要向FDA证明他们在批准新的、可能上瘾的药物之前有足够的风险最小化行动计划，这对他们的财务影响非常大，像PRISM这样的工具具有非凡的商业吸引力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Phase II application continues development of the Pharmaceutical Risk Internet Surveillance Monitor (PRISM), an innovative approach to postmarketing surveillance of indicators suggesting diversion/abuse of opioid pharmaceutical agents. Public health relevance of PRISM includes providing reliable and timely data to allow health, law enforcement, industry, and community leaders take steps to limit potential damage associated with an outbreak of pharmaceutical drug abuse. PRISM will be the first, systematically developed and hybrid or partially automated Internet monitoring service to track, at a product-specific level, the chatter of recreational users of pharmaceutical analgesics as they discuss their use/abuse of such drugs. Those who abuse prescription opioids have open access to Web sites, providing an unvarnished picture of users' communications about these drugs, including ideas and beliefs about the drugs as well as discussions of trends and preferences. Thus, Internet monitoring of drug-related messages may be useful for anticipating an increased risk of an abuse outbreak. The potential of these Internet data has not been exploited in a systematic manner to inform drug policy and planning. In Phase I, collaboration with software developers of MIT's General Inquirer (GI) explored the contributions of automated natural language processing methods to the unstructured, fragmented, but revealing messages posted by the online community of substance abusers. Reliable codes were achieved by human coders, supporting the feasibility of classifying content of Internet posts into meaningful categories of endorsing and discouraging abuse of different products. Completely automating such coding may be as yet out of reach. Furthermore, such codes may not have been the most meaningful qualitative information to draw from the posts. However, the overall level of chatter, based on counts of mentions of specific products, did appear to relate to measures of the attractiveness for abuse of target products. There are significant benefits of archiving such posts, using computer processing of raw posts to prep them for human coders, and searching among thousands of archived posts for selected topics of interest (e.g., sources, extraction methods, adverse events, etc.). In Phase II, we will (1) develop software to find, harvest, and archive posts from eligible Web sites for subsequent analyses, (2) refine the nature and types of qualitative questions, (3) develop and test methods of using automated processing of raw posts to improve the reliability and efficiency of human coding, (4) continue exploration of methods to enhance automation of message coding, (5) refine automated data mining of posts discussions on specific topics including (extraction, sources of drug, extreme reactions, etc.) to target drugs, and (6) test external validity of data collected by PRISM. Given the extraordinary financial implications for pharmaceutical companies needing to demonstrate to the FDA that they have an adequate Risk Minimization Action Plan prior to approval for new, potentially addictive medications, a tool like PRISM holds remarkable commercial appeal. Public Health Relevance: A system like PRISM to monitor the chatter about abusable substances on Internet is widely recognized as having extraordinary public health importance by the FDA, DEA, and pharmaceutical companies. Ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of abuse trends detected from these Internet sources will be essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health programs, closely integrated with timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control.