Internet Monitoring Of Prescription Drug Abuse

处方药滥用的互联网监控

• 批准号: 7394900
• 负责人: Stephen F Butler
• 金额: $ 37.43万
• 依托单位: INFLEXXION, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-01 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7394900
• 关键词: Accounting; Adverse event; Adverse reactions; Analgesics; Archives; Attention; Automation; Belief; Categories; Class; Classification; Code; Collaborations; Collection; Communication; Communities; Computer software; Computers; Count; Data; Development; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Monitoring; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Drug user; Evaluation; Government; Guidelines; Harvest; Health; Human; Hybrids; Illicit Drugs; Individual; Industry; Internet; Knowledge; Law Enforcement; Measures; Mechanics; Medical; Medical Surveillance; Methodology; Methods; Monitor; Natural Language Processing; Nature; Opioid; Opioid Analgesics; Oxycodone; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacologic Substance; Phase; Policies; Population Surveillance; Preparation; Prevention; Process; Public Health; Rate; Reaction; Recreational Drugs; Reporting; Risk; Services; Site; Source; Surveillance Program; System; Testing; United States Food and Drug Administration; Validity and Reliability; Waxes; authority; base; data mining; improved; innovation; interest; opioid abuse; preference; prescription document; prescription drug abuse; prescription procedure; programs; response; software development; substance abuser; tool; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Phase II application continues development of the Pharmaceutical Risk Internet Surveillance Monitor (PRISM), an innovative approach to postmarketing surveillance of indicators suggesting diversion/abuse of opioid pharmaceutical agents. Public health relevance of PRISM includes providing reliable and timely data to allow health, law enforcement, industry, and community leaders take steps to limit potential damage associated with an outbreak of pharmaceutical drug abuse. PRISM will be the first, systematically developed and hybrid or partially automated Internet monitoring service to track, at a product-specific level, the chatter of recreational users of pharmaceutical analgesics as they discuss their use/abuse of such drugs. Those who abuse prescription opioids have open access to Web sites, providing an unvarnished picture of users' communications about these drugs, including ideas and beliefs about the drugs as well as discussions of trends and preferences. Thus, Internet monitoring of drug-related messages may be useful for anticipating an increased risk of an abuse outbreak. The potential of these Internet data has not been exploited in a systematic manner to inform drug policy and planning. In Phase I, collaboration with software developers of MIT's General Inquirer (GI) explored the contributions of automated natural language processing methods to the unstructured, fragmented, but revealing messages posted by the online community of substance abusers. Reliable codes were achieved by human coders, supporting the feasibility of classifying content of Internet posts into meaningful categories of endorsing and discouraging abuse of different products. Completely automating such coding may be as yet out of reach. Furthermore, such codes may not have been the most meaningful qualitative information to draw from the posts. However, the overall level of chatter, based on counts of mentions of specific products, did appear to relate to measures of the attractiveness for abuse of target products. There are significant benefits of archiving such posts, using computer processing of raw posts to prep them for human coders, and searching among thousands of archived posts for selected topics of interest (e.g., sources, extraction methods, adverse events, etc.). In Phase II, we will (1) develop software to find, harvest, and archive posts from eligible Web sites for subsequent analyses, (2) refine the nature and types of qualitative questions, (3) develop and test methods of using automated processing of raw posts to improve the reliability and efficiency of human coding, (4) continue exploration of methods to enhance automation of message coding, (5) refine automated data mining of posts discussions on specific topics including (extraction, sources of drug, extreme reactions, etc.) to target drugs, and (6) test external validity of data collected by PRISM. Given the extraordinary financial implications for pharmaceutical companies needing to demonstrate to the FDA that they have an adequate Risk Minimization Action Plan prior to approval for new, potentially addictive medications, a tool like PRISM holds remarkable commercial appeal. Public Health Relevance: A system like PRISM to monitor the chatter about abusable substances on Internet is widely recognized as having extraordinary public health importance by the FDA, DEA, and pharmaceutical companies. Ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of abuse trends detected from these Internet sources will be essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health programs, closely integrated with timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control.

说明(由申请人提供)：这一第二阶段申请继续开发药物风险互联网监测(PRISM)，这是一种创新的方法，用于对暗示阿片类药物转用/滥用的指标进行上市后监测。PRISM的公共卫生相关性包括提供可靠和及时的数据，以允许卫生、执法、行业和社区领导人采取措施，限制与药物滥用爆发相关的潜在损害。PRISM将是第一个系统开发的混合或部分自动化的互联网监测服务，在特定产品一级跟踪药物止痛剂娱乐用户在讨论使用/滥用此类药物时的聊天情况。那些滥用处方阿片类药物的人可以开放访问网站，提供用户关于这些药物的沟通的真实图景，包括对药物的想法和信念，以及对趋势和偏好的讨论。因此，互联网对与毒品有关的信息的监测可能有助于预测滥用暴发的风险增加。尚未系统地利用这些互联网数据的潜力来为药物政策和规划提供信息。在第一阶段，与麻省理工学院通用查询者(GI)的软件开发人员合作，探索了自动化自然语言处理方法对物质滥用者在线社区发布的非结构化、零碎但揭示的信息的贡献。人类编码员实现了可靠的代码，支持将互联网帖子的内容分类为支持和阻止滥用不同产品的有意义的类别的可行性。完全自动化这种编码可能到目前为止还遥不可及。此外，这样的代码可能不是从这些帖子中获得的最有意义的定性信息。然而，根据提及具体产品的次数计算的总体闲聊水平，似乎确实与滥用目标产品的吸引力的衡量标准有关。对这类帖子进行归档、使用计算机处理原始帖子为人工编码员做好准备以及在数千个存档帖子中搜索选定的感兴趣的主题(例如，来源、提取方法、不良事件等)有很大的好处。在第二阶段，我们将(1)开发软件，从符合条件的网站中查找、收集和存档帖子，以便进行后续分析；(2)细化定性问题的性质和类型；(3)开发和测试使用自动处理原始帖子的方法，以提高人类编码的可靠性和效率；(4)继续探索增强消息编码自动化的方法；(5)改进帖子的自动数据挖掘，以进行特定主题的讨论，包括提取、药物来源、极端反应等。以靶向药物，以及(6)检验PRISM收集的数据的外部有效性。考虑到制药公司在批准新的、可能使人上瘾的药物之前需要向FDA证明他们有足够的风险最小化行动计划，考虑到这一特殊的财务影响，像PRISM这样的工具具有显著的商业吸引力。 公共卫生相关性：像PRISM这样的监控互联网上关于可滥用物质的讨论的系统被FDA、DEA和制药公司广泛认为具有非同寻常的公共卫生重要性。对从这些互联网来源检测到的滥用趋势进行持续、系统的收集、分析和解释，将对公共卫生计划的规划、实施和评估至关重要，并与及时向负责预防和控制的人员传播这些数据密切结合。