Impact of Aging on Oxysterol Regulation of Alveolar Macrophage Function during S. pneumoniae

项目摘要 正常的肺老化与呼吸道的多种结构和功能变化有关。肺泡 巨噬细胞（AM）是气道的长寿命组织驻留先天免疫细胞， 条件下，采用促愈合，抗炎表型，以保持肺的完整性。AM是 识别、启动和解决宿主对微生物的防御，并在介导 宿主对肺炎链球菌（S. pne）。细胞 基本 和 巨噬 岁 死亡和有效清除垂死细胞， 维持组织内环境稳定的过程。当红细胞增多症有缺陷时， 可能发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）。尽管牙槽骨缺损 吞噬作用在衰老中普遍存在，但对衰老过程和吞噬作用如何发生知之甚少。 肺微环境的变化。我们发表的研究结果表明， 相关的增加线粒体和内质网的压力，在S。PNE导致失调， AM和肺中过度增强的促炎免疫应答。为了更好地了解代谢 可能导致这种表型的因素，我们研究了年轻和老年人脂质代谢的变化， 肺。我们观察到一个分子重编程，以应对失调的胆固醇稳态。给定 根据这些发现，我们推测，与年龄相关的脂质代谢增加改变了先天免疫功能， 反应性和巨噬细胞增多，从而导致炎症加剧和组织延长， 损伤响应S. pne。为了验证这一假设，我们设计了三个具体的目标， 创新技术， 景观 景观 的 介导 利用 的 将 的 解析单细胞数据，这将使我们能够开发一种生物学上可解释的 从结构、免疫学和临床的角度来研究肺病理学。这种空间单细胞 将使肺的病理生理学表征从其宏观表现， 为了解肺泡巨噬细胞的脂质代谢提供了重要依据 过程，并将提供洞察与年龄相关的肺部病理变化。此外，我们将 人类血浆宏基因组测序，以区分感染和传染病，并评估 肺炎球菌疾病的严重程度。我们坚信，从这种新的分析中获得的基本见解 适用于其他感染模型，并将有助于澄清许多长期悬而未决的问题， 衰老对特定组织反应的作用。

Project Abstract Normal lung aging is associated with multiple structural and functional changes in the respiratory tract. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are long-lived tissue resident innate immune cells of the airways and during steady state conditions, adopt a pro-healing, anti-inflammatory phenotype to maintain lung integrity. AM are key effectors of recognition, initiation, and resolution of the host defense against microbes and play an essential role in mediating host responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pne). Cell essential and macrophage aged death and the effective clearance of dying cells are processes t hat maintain tissue homeostasis. When efferocytosis is defective, increased tissue injury development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can occur. Despite defects in alveolar phagocytosis being prevalent i n aging, very little is known on how the process of aging and the lung microenvironment contribute to these changes.Our published findings illustrate that an age- associated increase in mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress during S. pne contributed to dysregulated, overly heightened pro-inflammatory immune responses in AM and lung. To better understand the metabolic factors that might contribute to this phenotype, we examined changes in lipid metabolism in young and aged lung. We observed a molecular reprogramming in response to dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis. Given these findings, we hypothesize that an age-associated increase in lipid metabolism alters innate immune responsiveness and efferocytosis by AMs, thereby contributing to heightened inflammation and prolonged tissue injury in response to S. pne. To test this hypothesis, we have designed three specific aims that will utilize innovative techniques to spatially landscape landscape the mediated utilize the will the resolve single-cell data that will allow us to develop a biologically interpretable of lung pathology from a structural, immunological, and clinical standpoint. This spatial single-cell will enable the pathophysiological characterization of the lung from its macroscopic presentation to single-cell, providing an important basis for the understanding of lipid metabolism on alveolar macrophage process and will provide insights into age-associated changes in lung pathology. In addition, we will metagenomic sequencing of human plasma to distinguish infection and infectious disease, and to assess severity of pneumococcal disease. We firmly believe that fundamental insights gained from this novel assay be applicable to other infection models and will help clarify many of the long-outstanding questions regarding role of aging on specific tissue responses.