Standards of Scientific Conduct

描述(由申请人提供)：对负责任研究行为(RCR)标准的讨论被认为是RCR教育的重要组成部分。然而，几乎没有实证研究涉及科学家的普遍做法、科学家对理想标准的看法，或者不同研究学科之间的做法和理想如何不同。我们坚信，科学家在确定和阐明选定的科学行为标准方面处于最佳地位。因此，我们建议对活跃的研究科学家进行民意调查，了解 三个领域：数据管理、协作和作者身份。这将通过焦点小组讨论、访谈和调查来实现。认识到不仅在研究领域内可能存在差异，而且在研究领域之间也可能存在差异，因此选择了四个不同的学科进行研究：微生物学、神经科学、护理和心理学。该项目的两个具体目标是：(1)构建全国RCR标准调查框架(与混合学科和特定学科的研究人员小组进行焦点小组讨论)和(2)开展全国RCR标准调查(对研究科学家的访谈和对 四个学科中每一个学科的博士课程的教职员工)。研究中标准的变化 将确定各学科以及不同学科之间的差异。这项调查的结果将为RCR课程教师应该教授什么负责任的行为标准提供一个循证的理由。有效的教学--关于标准的教学 负责任的研究行为将有助于促进生物医学研究的诚信，从而促进公众健康。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Discussion of standards of responsible conduct of research (RCR) is recognized as an important part of RCR education. However, almost no empirical research has addressed the common practices of scientists, the views of scientists about ideal standards, or how practices and ideals vary among different research disciplines. We strongly believe that scientists are in the best position to identify and articulate selected standards of scientific conduct. Therefore, we propose to poll active research scientists about standards in three areas: data management, collaboration, and authorship. This will be accomplished with focus group discussions, interviews, and a survey. Recognizing that differences are likely to occur not only within research areas, but also between research areas, four different disciplines have been selected for study: microbiology, neuroscience, nursing, and psychology. The two specific aims of this project are: (1) Construct framework for national survey of RCR standards (focus group discussions with mixed discipline and discipline-specific groups of researchers) and (2) Conduct national survey of RCR standards (interviews of research scientists and Web-based survey of faculty in doctoral programs for each of the four disciplines). Variation of standards within research disciplines as well as differences between disciplines will be identified. The results of this investigation will provide an evidence-based rationale for what RCR course instructors should teach about the standards of responsible conduct. Effective teaching about standards of the responsible conduct of research will help to promote public health by fostering integrity in the conduct of biomedical research.