Dynamically Integrating Macro and Micro Processes

动态集成宏观和微观流程

• 批准号: 7650409
• 负责人: BARBARA ENTWISLE
• 金额: $ 27.64万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-30 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7650409
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Behavior; Cells; Characteristics; Communities; Complement; Complex; Data; Dimensions; Discipline; Economic Conditions; Economics; Elements; Ethics; Geography; Glass; Health; Household; Individual; Infant Mortality; Learning; Link; Literature; Marriage; Measures; Meteorology; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Outcome; Process; Randomized; Research; Research Personnel; Running; Social Network; Sociology; Spouses; Statistical Models; Structure; System; Techniques; Testing; Thailand; Time; Ursidae Family; base; computerized tools; falls; improved; innovation; insight; land use; migration; research study; social; social model; theories; tool; web site

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many aspects of the social world bear on important health outcomes, but for most, the exact nature of their impact is still unclear. Although much has been learned through statistical approaches, the literature falls short of a causal understanding of how macro and micro processes interrelate in affecting health. The proposed research uses a spatially explicit agent-based modeling approach, informed by insights from sociology, geography, and economics. Dynamic social networks are included endogenously, an especially innovative element. Through the construction of a model in one setting, a set of modeling tools will be developed that will be applicable across a wide range of settings. These new tools will be made available through a public website. Once the agent-based model is constructed, it will be used to study interconnections among the social, spatial, and biophysical dimensions of the local context, taking into account migration, residential choice, land use, and household wealth, and feedbacks therein. In the process will come a better understanding of the consequences of oversimplification in standard statistical models of community effects. The model will also be used to conduct experiments about the effects of a sudden shift in infant mortality and shifts in economic conditions. The model will be field tested twice, the first time to validate key model assumptions and the second time to explore unexpected results. Indeed, an advantage of the agent-based approach is the possibility of "emergence" at the system or community level (i.e., the integration of macro and micro processes producing new structures not anticipated based on a simple aggregation of individual and household behaviors). Finally, borrowing and extending tools from the fields of meteorology and control theory, new methods for testing model sensitivity that are more computationally efficient than those now in use will be developed, applied, and made broadly available. The proposed project will develop tools to study social processes involving individuals, households, social networks, and communities in relation to health. The application of these tools will help us better understand and interpret the research literature connecting community factors with health outcomes and provide a complement to the standard statistical approaches.

描述（由申请人提供）：社会世界的许多方面都对重要的健康结果产生影响，但对大多数人来说，其影响的确切性质仍不清楚。虽然通过统计方法已经学到了很多东西，但文献福尔斯缺乏对宏观和微观过程如何相互关联影响健康的因果理解。拟议的研究使用空间显式的基于代理的建模方法，从社会学，地理学和经济学的见解通知。动态的社交网络是内生的，这是一个特别创新的元素。通过在一种环境中建立一个模型，将开发一套适用于各种环境的建模工具。这些新工具将通过一个公共网站提供。一旦基于代理人的模型构建，它将被用来研究当地环境的社会，空间和生物物理层面之间的相互联系，同时考虑到移民，住宅选择，土地使用和家庭财富，以及反馈。在这个过程中，将更好地理解社区效应标准统计模型过度简化的后果。该模型还将用于进行有关婴儿死亡率突然变化和经济条件变化的影响的实验。该模型将进行两次实地测试，第一次是验证关键模型假设，第二次是探索意外结果。事实上，基于代理的方法的一个优点是在系统或社区级别上“出现”的可能性（即，宏观和微观过程的整合，产生了基于个人和家庭行为的简单集合而无法预料的新结构）。最后，从气象学和控制理论领域借用和扩展工具，将开发、应用和广泛提供比现在使用的更有效的模型灵敏度测试新方法。拟议的项目将开发工具，研究涉及个人、家庭、社交网络和社区的与健康有关的社会进程。这些工具的应用将帮助我们更好地理解和解释将社区因素与健康结果联系起来的研究文献，并为标准统计方法提供补充。