Neighborhood Effects on Health in Framingham and the Role of Social Networks

弗雷明汉社区对健康的影响以及社交网络的作用

• 批准号: 7393941
• 负责人: NICHOLAS A CHRISTAKIS
• 金额: $ 14.94万
• 依托单位: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-15 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7393941
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Area; Attenuated; Biological; Brothers; Buffers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Censuses; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Clinical; Cognition; Common Cold; Complex; Condition; County; Crime; Data; Data Set; Dependence; Disease; Economically Deprived Population; Education; Ego; Elderly; Emotional; Emotions; Factor Analysis; Fire - disasters; Fostering; Framingham Heart Study; Friends; Geographic Locations; Geography; Goals; Gold; Health; Health Status; Health behavior; Hypertension; Individual; Life; Literature; Localized; Maintenance; Maps; Measures; Medical; Mental Depression; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; Numbers; Obesity; Outcome; Parenting Education; Parents; Participant; Personal Satisfaction; Physiological; Policies; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Principal Investigator; Procedures; Public Domains; Purpose; Range; Rate; Recording of previous events; Records; Relative (related person); Research; Residential Mobility; Resources; Risk; Role; Services; Siblings; Sister; Social Network; Social Sciences; Social support; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Specific qualifier value; Standards of Weights and Measures; Statistics, Other; Street Address; Structure; Time; Toxin; United States; Variant; Vital Status; Work; base; behavior influence; cohesion; cohort; deprivation; disability; follow-up; geographic difference; interest; member; mortality; programs; residence; response; social; spatiotemporal; stressor

Our objective is to simultaneously assess the extent to which neighborhood of residence and embeddedness in defined egocentric social networks affect health. Since both networks and neighborhoods have effects on health, and since the presence of social network contacts might confound the effect of neighborhoods, our overarching objective is to ascertain the relative importance of neighborhood effects and the propinquity of social network ties. We have four specific aims. First, we will embellish a longitudinal dataset, based on the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), describing 5,124 individuals ("egos") and a social network of 12,630 people in which they are embedded (their possible "alters"), by adding detailed geocoding data for all these people measured roughly every four years from 1971 to the present. As part of this aim, we will prepare detailed maps of where people and their social network contacts reside and visualize various neighborhood-level measures such as local wealth or crime. Second, we will describe the overlap between egos' social network and neighborhood ties. We will examine the geographic distance between our egos and various kinds of alters and assess factors associated with this distance (e.g., the proximity of sisters versus brothers). We will also assess which individuals have parochial (i.e., same neighborhood or same town) and which ones have cosmopolitan (i.e., outside) ties. Are there attributes of individuals that seem to foster maintenance of geographic propinquity? We will also examine, over more than 32 years of follow up, the determinants of individuals' choice of neighborhoods in which to reside. Third, using a multi-level modeling framework, we will explore whether there are neighborhood effects on health outcomes in the FHS (the first time that the FHS has been used for this purpose). We will examine the dependence of individual health outcomes (i.e., mortality, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, depression, disability, and self-assessed health) on both individual attributes and on the attributes of neighborhoods (measured at the Census tract or block group level). We hypothesize that, in addition to substantial and significant variation at the individual level, there will be significant supra-individual variation in each of the outcomes that is attributable to supraindividual neighborhood context. Fourth, using a multi-level modeling framework, we will evaluate the potential contribution of residing near one's social network contacts in explaining neighborhood effects on individual health outcomes. This work is policy-relevant since it will help localize the level at which such supra-individual health effects can arise and since it address the outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, depression, and obesity, all of which are leading causes of morbidity in the elderly.

我们的目标是同时评估居住区和嵌入性的程度 在自我中心的社交网络中影响健康。由于网络和社区都对 健康，而且由于社交网络联系的存在可能会混淆邻里的影响，我们的 总体目标是确定邻里效应的相对重要性和邻近性， 社交网络关系我们有四个具体目标。首先，我们将根据 心脏脆弱性研究（FHS），描述了5，124名个体（“自我”）和12，630人的社交网络 通过为所有这些人添加详细的地理编码数据， 从1971年到现在大约每四年测量一次。作为这一目标的一部分，我们将准备详细的 人们及其社交网络联系人居住的地图，并可视化各种社区级别 例如当地财富或犯罪。其次，我们将描述自我社交网络之间的重叠 和邻里关系我们将研究我们的自我和各种各样的 改变和评估与该距离相关联的因素（例如，姐妹篇与兄弟的接近）。我们 还将评估哪些个体具有狭隘性（即，同一个社区或同一个城镇）， 具有世界性（即，外）领带。是否有个体的属性，似乎促进维护 地理上的接近？我们还将在超过32年的随访中研究， 个人选择居住的社区。第三，使用多层次建模框架，我们 将探讨在FHS中是否存在对健康结果的邻里效应（第一次 FHS已用于此目的）。我们将研究个体健康结果的依赖性（即， 死亡率、心血管疾病、高血压、肥胖症、抑郁症、残疾和自我评估的健康状况） 个人属性和街区属性（在人口普查区域或街区测量 组级）。我们假设，除了在个体水平上的实质性和显著性差异外， 在每一个结果中，将存在显著的超个体差异， 邻里背景第四，使用多层次建模框架，我们将评估 居住在一个人的社交网络联系人附近对于解释邻里影响的潜在贡献 个人健康结果。这项工作与政策有关，因为它将有助于使这类活动在地方一级进行， 可能出现超个体的健康影响，并且由于它解决了诸如心血管疾病的结果， 抑郁症和肥胖症，所有这些都是老年人发病的主要原因。