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Confocal line-scanning versus point-scanning for imaging human skin in vivo

共焦线扫描与点扫描对人体皮肤体内成像

基本信息

批准号：
7640991
负责人：
MILIND RAJADHYAKSHA
金额：
$ 43.02万
依托单位：
SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-08-01 至 2011-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to compare two confocal line-scanning microscopes to a standard confocal pointscanning microscope for reflectance imaging of human skin in vivo. One line-scanner is based on a divided objective lens pupil and the other based on a full pupil configuration. Each configuration has advantages. The long-term objective is to create a fundamentally simpler class of confocal reflectance scanning microscopes for imaging human skin cancers for clinical and surgical dermatology. Every year, in the USA alone, 1.2 million new cases of skin cancers are diagnosed. Of the 5.5 million biopsies performed, 80% turn out to be normal and thus avoidable, costing US healthcare $1.65 billion annually. Confocal reflectance microscopy may enable screening and diagnosis of these skin cancers noninvasively and in real-time, with minimal need for biopsy. The hypothesis is that a confocal line-scanner with either a divided-pupil or a full pupil will be simple, and will provide very high resolution and optical sectioning. Such line-scanning microscopes may compete with today's state-of-the-art point-scanning microscopes for imaging human skin in vivo, for clinical diagnosis and surgical guidance applications. Preliminary results with a prototype confocal divided-pupil line-scanner demonstrate imaging of nuclear and cellular detail in the epidermis of human skin in vivo. The prototype is considerably less complicated than a point-scanner. The specific aims are to create a confocal line-scanner that combines both divided-pupil and full-pupil configurations. The combined divided-and-full pupil will enable experimental evaluation of their line spread functions (LSFs) and imaging performance under identical optical and skin conditions. Experimental comparisons of divided pupil and full-pupil LSFs to the confocal point spread function (PSF) will be made under two conditions: diffraction-limited (i. e., nominal instrument) conditions as well as scattering and aberrating conditions of actual skin (i. e., deep within human dermis, through full-thickness epidermis). Divided-pupil and full-pupil line-scanned images of human skin, both ex vivo and in vivo, will be compared to histology and to the well characterized images obtained by confocal point-scanners. Background noise and contrast in the images will be quantitatively compared between the two line-scanning and the point-scanning methods. RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH Confocal reflectance microscopy may enable screening and diagnosis of skin cancers such as melanomas and basal- and squamous-cell carcinomas, or may guide surgery of such cancers, directly and in real-time on the patient. The diagnosis or surgical guidance may be noninvasive, with minimal need for biopsy, minimal pain and minimal expense.

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目的目标是比较两个共聚焦线扫描显微镜和一个标准的共聚焦点扫描显微镜，用于体内人体皮肤的反射成像。一种线扫描器基于分割物镜瞳孔，另一种基于全瞳孔配置。每种配置都有其优点。长期目标是创造一种基本更简单的共聚焦反射扫描显微镜，用于临床和外科皮肤病学的人类皮肤癌成像。每年，仅在美国，就有120万新的皮肤癌病例被诊断出来。在550万例活组织检查中，80%是正常的，因此可以避免，每年花费美国医疗保健16.5亿美元。共聚焦反射显微镜可以使这些皮肤癌的筛查和诊断无创和实时，而不需要活检。假设是，一个共聚焦线扫描仪，无论是分瞳孔或全瞳孔将是简单的，并将提供非常高的分辨率和光学切片。这种线扫描显微镜可以与当今最先进的点扫描显微镜竞争，在人体皮肤成像、临床诊断和手术指导应用方面。初步结果与原型共聚焦分瞳线扫描仪显示核和细胞细节的成像在人体皮肤的表皮。该样机比点扫描仪简单得多。具体目标是创建一个共聚焦线扫描仪，结合了分瞳和全瞳配置。分瞳和满瞳的组合将能够在相同的光学和皮肤条件下对其线扩展函数（LSFs）和成像性能进行实验评估。将在两种条件下进行分瞳和全瞳lsf对共焦点扩散函数（PSF）的实验比较：衍射限制（即名义仪器）条件以及实际皮肤（即人体真皮深处，通过全层表皮）的散射和像差条件。人体皮肤的分瞳和全瞳线扫描图像，包括离体和在体，将与组织学和共聚焦扫描仪获得的特征良好的图像进行比较。将行扫描和点扫描两种方法对图像中的背景噪声和对比度进行定量比较。与公共卫生的相关性共聚焦反射显微镜可用于筛查和诊断皮肤癌，如黑色素瘤、基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌，或可指导此类癌症的手术，直接和实时对患者。诊断或手术指导可能是非侵入性的，只需最少的活检，最少的疼痛和最少的费用。