Confocal line-scanning versus point-scanning for imaging human skin in vivo

共焦线扫描与点扫描对人体皮肤体内成像

• 批准号: 7188723
• 负责人: MILIND RAJADHYAKSHA
• 金额: $ 50.85万
• 依托单位: SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-01 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7188723
• 关键词: Am 80; Arts; Biopsy; Blood flow; Class; Clinical; Collagen; Condition; Depth; Dermatology; Dermis; Diagnosis; Epidermis; Evaluation; Goals; Healthcare; Histology; Human; Image; Malignant Neoplasms; Methods; Microscope; Microscopy; Noise; Nuclear; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Pain; Patients; Performance; Public Health; Pupil; Resolution; Scanning; Screening procedure; Skin; Skin Cancer; Squamous cell carcinoma; Standards of Weights and Measures; Thick; Time; Today; base; cancer diagnosis; clinical Diagnosis; cost; in vivo; instrument; lens; melanoma; prototype

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to compare two confocal line-scanning microscopes to a standard confocal pointscanning microscope for reflectance imaging of human skin in vivo. One line-scanner is based on a divided objective lens pupil and the other based on a full pupil configuration. Each configuration has advantages. The long-term objective is to create a fundamentally simpler class of confocal reflectance scanning microscopes for imaging human skin cancers for clinical and surgical dermatology. Every year, in the USA alone, 1.2 million new cases of skin cancers are diagnosed. Of the 5.5 million biopsies performed, 80% turn out to be normal and thus avoidable, costing US healthcare $1.65 billion annually. Confocal reflectance microscopy may enable screening and diagnosis of these skin cancers noninvasively and in real-time, with minimal need for biopsy. The hypothesis is that a confocal line-scanner with either a divided-pupil or a full pupil will be simple, and will provide very high resolution and optical sectioning. Such line-scanning microscopes may compete with today's state-of-the-art point-scanning microscopes for imaging human skin in vivo, for clinical diagnosis and surgical guidance applications. Preliminary results with a prototype confocal divided-pupil line-scanner demonstrate imaging of nuclear and cellular detail in the epidermis of human skin in vivo. The prototype is considerably less complicated than a point-scanner. The specific aims are to create a confocal line-scanner that combines both divided-pupil and full-pupil configurations. The combined divided-and-full pupil will enable experimental evaluation of their line spread functions (LSFs) and imaging performance under identical optical and skin conditions. Experimental comparisons of divided pupil and full-pupil LSFs to the confocal point spread function (PSF) will be made under two conditions: diffraction-limited (i. e., nominal instrument) conditions as well as scattering and aberrating conditions of actual skin (i. e., deep within human dermis, through full-thickness epidermis). Divided-pupil and full-pupil line-scanned images of human skin, both ex vivo and in vivo, will be compared to histology and to the well characterized images obtained by confocal point-scanners. Background noise and contrast in the images will be quantitatively compared between the two line-scanning and the point-scanning methods. RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH Confocal reflectance microscopy may enable screening and diagnosis of skin cancers such as melanomas and basal- and squamous-cell carcinomas, or may guide surgery of such cancers, directly and in real-time on the patient. The diagnosis or surgical guidance may be noninvasive, with minimal need for biopsy, minimal pain and minimal expense.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目标是将两种共焦线扫描显微镜与标准共焦点扫描显微镜进行比较，以对体内人体皮肤进行反射成像。一种线扫描仪基于分割物镜光瞳，另一种基于全光瞳配置。每种配置都有优点。长期目标是创建一种本质上更简单的共焦反射扫描显微镜，用于临床和外科皮肤病学的人类皮肤癌成像。每年，仅在美国，就有 120 万新诊断皮肤癌病例。在进行的 550 万例活检中，80% 的结果是正常的，因此是可以避免的，每年花费美国医疗保健 16.5 亿美元。共焦反射显微镜可以实现对这些皮肤癌的非侵入性实时筛查和诊断，并且几乎不需要活检。假设具有分割光瞳或全光瞳的共焦线扫描仪将很简单，并且将提供非常高分辨率和光学切片。这种线扫描显微镜可以与当今最先进的点扫描显微镜竞争，用于人体皮肤体内成像、临床诊断和手术指导应用。原型共焦分瞳线扫描仪的初步结果证明了体内人体皮肤表皮核和细胞细节的成像。该原型比点扫描仪简单得多。具体目标是创建一种结合了分瞳和全瞳配置的共焦线扫描仪。组合的分光光瞳和全光光瞳将能够在相同的光学和皮肤条件下对其线扩散函数（LSF）和成像性能进行实验评估。将在两种条件下对分割光瞳和全光瞳 LSF 与共焦点扩散函数 (PSF) 进行实验比较：衍射限制（即标称仪器）条件以及实际皮肤的散射和像差条件（即人体真皮深处，穿过全层表皮）。人体皮肤的分瞳和全瞳线扫描图像（无论是离体还是体内）将与组织学以及共焦点扫描仪获得的良好表征的图像进行比较。将定量比较两种线扫描和点扫描方法之间的背景噪声和图像对比度。与公众健康的相关性 共焦反射显微镜可以对皮肤癌（如黑色素瘤、基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌）进行筛查和诊断，或者可以直接实时指导患者进行此类癌症的手术。诊断或手术指导可能是非侵入性的，对活检的需求最小，疼痛最小，费用也最小。