The Impact of Maternal Depression, Anxiety, and Stress

项目3-摘要 精神病理学发展中的重要问题将在一项纵向研究中得到解决 婴儿在产前暴露在母亲的抑郁、压力和焦虑之下。这些女人和她们的 丈夫/伴侣将参与拟议的翻译研究中心，围产期压力和 基因影响：婴儿易受伤害的途径。我们有独一无二的机会来利用 在整个怀孕期间收集的广泛的前瞻性数据，包括测量 抑郁、压力、焦虑、抗抑郁药物的使用(核心B)，以及胎儿活动(项目1) 作为5-HTTLPR多态的S等位基因在婴儿及其父母中的基因分型(项目2)。在……里面 认识到拟议数据集的独特方面及其提供的回答机会 在新出现的问题中，我们建议测试那些有望揭示最佳理解模型的假设 在精神病理学风险传递中最有可能的危险因素、介体和调节因子 怀孕期间患有抑郁症的妇女所生的孩子。Goodman和Gotlib(1999)模型 精神病理学对抑郁母亲的孩子的传播描述了多种风险机制 因此，建议样本中的所有婴儿患抑郁症和其他疾病的风险增加 问题，与母亲在怀孕期间没有抑郁的孩子有关，有些是 由于不同程度的遗传风险，预测比其他人有更高的风险，对胎儿不利 环境、早期产妇护理不足以及父亲的参与。我们建议检验假设 从这一模型中得出的发展历程在预测中的出现(和 连续性/间断性)基于理论和经验的脆弱性衡量标准 在婴儿身上可以观察到的精神病理学。通过婴儿第一年的评估将包括 神经内分泌、行为和心理生理功能的测量。为了深入了解 考虑到母亲抑郁的任何额外暴露，产妇护理的质量，以及 父亲，这些构造也会被测量的。我们将经验性地得出一组“最佳”的预测值 有理论和经验联系的婴儿结局暗示着以后发展的高风险 精神变态学。对这些角色的理解将被用来描述临床指南 干预措施。

PROJECT 3 - Abstract Important issues in the development of psychopathology will be addressed in a longitudinal study of infants exposed prenatally to their mothers' depression, stress, and anxiety. These women and their husbands/partners will be participants in the proposed translational research center, Perinatal Stress and Gene Influences: Pathways to Infant Vulnerability. We have the unique opportunity to take advantage of the extensive prospective data that will have been collected throughout pregnancy, including measures of depression, stress, anxiety, use-of antidepressant medication (Core B), and fetal activity (Project 1) as well as genotyping for the 's' allele of the 5HT TLPR polymorphism in the infants and their parents (Project 2). In recognition of the unique aspects of the proposed dataset and the opportunities it presents for answering emerging questions, we propose to test hypotheses that promise to reveal the best model for understanding the most likely risk factors, mediators, and moderators in the transmission of risk for psychopathology in children born to women who were depressed during pregnancy. The Goodman and Gotlib (1999) model for the transmission of psychopathology to children of depressed mothers describes multiple mechanisms of risk whereby all of the infants in the proposed sample are at an increased risk for depression and other problems, relative to children whose mothers have not been depressed in pregnancy, and some are predicted to be at higher risk than others as a function of varying levels of genetic risk, adverse fetal environment, inadequate early maternal care, and father involvement. We propose to test hypotheses derived from this model in the prediction of the developmental course in the emergence (and continuity/discontinuity) of theory- and empirically-based measures of vulnerabilities for the development of psychopathology as they can be observed in infants. Assessments through the infants' first year will include measures of neuroendocrine, behavioral, and psychophysiological functioning. In order to take into consideration any added exposure to maternal depression, quality of maternal care, and the role fo the father, these constructs will also be measured. We will empirically derive the "best" set of predictors in a set of infant outcomes that have theoretical and empirical links implicating high risk for the later development of psychopathology. The understanding of such roles will be used to delineate guidelines for clinical interventions.