COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF VOCAL CONTROL

声音控制的比较研究

• 批准号: 7666320
• 负责人: ELIOT A BRENOWITZ
• 金额: $ 33.48万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-04-01 至 2011-03-20
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7666320
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Androgen Receptor; Androgens; Animals; Apoptosis; Apoptotic; Automobile Driving; Autoradiography; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Biological Assay; Biological Models; Birds; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Breeding; Caspase; Caspase Inhibitor; Cell Death Process; Cell Nucleus; Cessation of life; Comparative Study; Contralateral; Cues; Dementia; Dental crowns; Development; Ecuador; Effectiveness; Endocrine System Diseases; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Estradiol; Estrogen Antagonists; Estrogen Nuclear Receptor; Estrogen Receptors; Goals; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Growth; Hearing; Hormonal; Hormones; Implant; In Situ Hybridization; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Individual; Infusion procedures; Ipsilateral; Knowledge; Label; Language; Learning; Life; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Messenger RNA; Metabolic; Modeling; Nervous system structure; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Neurosciences; Neurosecretory Systems; Pattern; Peptide Hydrolases; Photoperiod; Physiological; Play; Preparation; Property; Reproduction; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Schizophrenia; Seasons; Site; Slice; Songbirds; Sparrows; Stanolone; Steroids; Stroke; Structure; System; Testing; Testosterone; Tetrodotoxin; Thymidine; Time; Work; anabolic steroid abuse; caspase-3; comparative; cytochrome c oxidase; design; extracellular; in vivo; inhibitor/antagonist; male; programs; social; steroid hormone; vocal control; voltage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A fundamental feature of nervous systems is that they provide plasticity of structure and function which allows animals to adapt to changes in their environment. We are only beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms, the limitations, and the behavioral consequences, such as learning, of naturally occurring plasticity in the brain. The song control system in the avian brain provides excellent opportunities for addressing such basic issues of behavioral neuroscience. Seasonal changes of environmental factors, such as photoperiod, have a profound effect on birds and most other animals. In songbirds seasonal changes in photoperiod elicit changes in circulating concentrations of gonadal steroid hormones, which in turn cause changes in song behavior and in morphological and physiological attributes of the neuroendocrine system that controls song. The exchange of social cues between individuals enhances the growth of the song system during the breeding season. The goal of this proposal is to use a comparative approach to explore the proximate mechanisms and behavioral functions of seasonal plasticity in the avian song control system. We will determine whether seasonal changes in neuronal recruitment to song nuclei are causally related to seasonal death of neurons, and whether hormones play a neuroprotective role. We will examine how the electrophysiological properties of neurons change seasonally, and whether seasonal growth of song circuits is activity dependent. Tropical birds show seasonal plasticity of their song systems and we will test whether this is mediated by steroid hormones. The results of the proposed studies will increase our understanding of steroid hormonal influences on the nervous system, how steroid hormones can be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and the relationship between plasticity in the adult brain and learning.

描述(申请人提供)：神经系统的一个基本特征是它们提供结构和功能的可塑性，使动物能够适应环境的变化。我们才刚刚开始了解大脑中自然发生的可塑性的潜在机制、局限性和行为后果，如学习。鸟类大脑中的鸣叫控制系统为解决行为神经科学的基本问题提供了极好的机会。环境因素的季节性变化，如光周期，对鸟类和大多数其他动物都有深远的影响。在鸣禽中，光周期的季节性变化会引起性腺类固醇激素循环浓度的变化，进而导致歌唱行为和控制歌唱的神经内分泌系统的形态和生理属性的变化。在繁殖季节，个体之间的社会线索的交换促进了歌唱系统的成长。这项建议的目的是用比较的方法来探索鸟类鸣叫控制系统中季节性可塑性的最接近的机制和行为功能。我们将确定神经元向歌曲核团募集的季节性变化是否与神经元季节性死亡有关，以及激素是否起到神经保护作用。我们将研究神经元的电生理特性是如何季节性变化的，以及SONG回路的季节性增长是否依赖于活动。热带鸟类表现出其歌唱系统的季节性可塑性，我们将测试这是否由类固醇激素调节。拟议的研究结果将增加我们对类固醇激素对神经系统的影响、类固醇激素如何用于治疗神经退行性疾病以及成人大脑可塑性与学习之间的关系的了解。