Screening For Moderate Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Soon After Birth

出生后不久筛查中度产前乙醇暴露

• 批准号: 7541348
• 负责人: Stacie Schorr Miller
• 金额: $ 3万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NY,BINGHAMTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7541348
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholism; Animal Model; Arousal; Attenuated; Aversive Stimulus; Behavior Therapy; Birth; Child; Cognitive deficits; Conditioned Stimulus; Detection; Dose; Early Diagnosis; Emotional; Ethanol; Exposure to; Fatigue; Fetal Alcohol Exposure; Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; Goals; Hour; Human; Infant; Intake; Intervention; Lead; Learning; Life; Measures; Memory; Methods; Milk; Motor; Motor Activity; Neonatal; Newborn Infant; Nipples; Odors; Organism; Outcome; Perinatal; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Procedures; Property; Public Health; Quinine; Rattus; Relative (related person); Risk; Screening procedure; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Testing; Water; alcohol exposure; conditioning; disability; expectation; experience; hedonic; improved; neonate; novel; olfactory stimulus; postnatal; prenatal; prenatal exposure; prenatal stress; pup; research study; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project summary. Neonatal responsiveness to ethanol odor will be studied toward developing an assessment of prenatal ethanol exposure and understanding how this exposure leads to increased ethanol intake later in life. Specific Aim 1 will determine the parameters of a habituation-dishabituation procedure using olfactory stimuli and measuring motor activity in prenatally untreated neonatal rats. Specific Aim 2 will use this habituation-dishabituation procedure to test the hypothesis that prenatal ethanol exposure alters responding to ethanol odor. This aim will also assess the uniqueness of any effects with prenatal ethanol exposure by dissecting the contribution of prenatal stress and prenatal exposure to an odor alone. This aim will also be sensitive to any teratogenic effects of the prenatal ethanol dose by measuring baseline motor activity, motor reactivity and habituation to a novel odor, and olfactory system function with the use of a plethysmograph. Motor activity measures in the first two aims will be latency, magnitude and duration of the orienting response, and number of trials to habituation. Specific Aim 3 will test the hypothesis that prenatal ethanol has a positive hedonic component, a possible mechanism for increased ethanol intake. This will be assessed by conditioning the neonatal rat, prenatally exposed or not, to ethanol odor and an appetitive or aversive stimulus. Learning will be demonstrated by greater attachment to an ethanol-scented artificial nipple when ethanol odor is paired with milk and less attachment when ethanol odor is paired with quinine compared to unpaired controls. If prenatal exposure to ethanol is appetitive, pups with such a treatment will show enhanced learning about ethanol odor predicting a positive outcome and worse learning when ethanol odor predicts an aversive outcome. Relevance to Public Health: Detecting moderate prenatal ethanol exposure is difficult relative to fetal alcohol syndrome yet is critical for targeting infants at risk for cognitive deficits and later ethanol abuse. With early detection, interventions may help the outcomes of these children. The proposed experiments, which cannot be conducted with humans, aim to develop a method of early detection and a better understanding of why early ethanol exposure may lead to alcohol abuse later on.

描述（由申请人提供）：项目摘要。将研究新生儿对乙醇气味的反应，以评估产前乙醇暴露，并了解这种暴露如何导致日后乙醇摄入量增加。具体目标1将使用嗅觉刺激和测量产前未处理的新生大鼠的运动活动来确定习惯化-去习惯化程序的参数。具体目标2将使用这个习惯化disabituation程序来测试假设，产前乙醇暴露改变响应乙醇气味。该目标还将通过剖析产前压力和产前单独接触气味的贡献来评估产前乙醇暴露的任何影响的独特性。该目的还将通过使用体积描记器测量基线运动活动、运动反应性和对新气味的习惯性以及嗅觉系统功能对产前乙醇剂量的任何致畸作用敏感。前两个目标中的运动活动测量将是定向反应的潜伏期、幅度和持续时间，以及习惯化试验的次数。具体目标3将检验产前乙醇具有积极的享乐成分的假设，这是增加乙醇摄入量的可能机制。这将通过使出生前暴露或未暴露的新生大鼠适应乙醇气味和食欲或厌恶刺激来评估。与未配对的对照组相比，当乙醇气味与牛奶配对时，学习将通过对乙醇气味的人工乳头的更大依恋来证明，而当乙醇气味与奎宁配对时，学习将通过对乙醇气味的人工乳头的较少依恋来证明。如果产前暴露于乙醇是有食欲的，那么接受这种治疗的幼崽将表现出对乙醇气味的学习增强，预测积极的结果，而当乙醇气味预测令人厌恶的结果时，学习更差。 与公共卫生的相关性：相对于胎儿酒精综合征而言，检测出适度的产前酒精暴露是困难的，但对于针对有认知缺陷风险的婴儿和后来的酒精滥用至关重要。通过早期发现，干预措施可能有助于这些儿童的结果。拟议的实验不能在人类身上进行，旨在开发一种早期检测方法，并更好地理解为什么早期乙醇暴露可能导致后来的酒精滥用。