Do preparatory spatial attention signals in visual cortex predict performance?

视觉皮层中的准备性空间注意力信号可以预测表现吗？

• 批准号: 7561057
• 负责人: Chad Michael Sylvester
• 金额: $ 0.99万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-02-01 至 2009-05-19
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7561057
• 关键词: Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Auditory; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain region; Cues; Disease; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Image; Individual; Intervention; Left; Link; Location; Measurement; Measures; Parietal; Patients; Performance; Photic Stimulation; Relative (related person); Research; Research Proposals; Resources; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Series; Side; Signal Transduction; Stroke; Syndrome; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Traumatic Brain Injury; Visual; Visual Cortex; blood oxygen level dependent; directed attention; human subject; improved; meetings; neglect; neuromechanism; relating to nervous system; research study; restoration; visual performance; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): An important component of goal-directed behavior is the ability to voluntarily attend to a specific location, even before objects appear at that location. Brain regions in the parietal and temporal lobes control the allocation of spatial attention by modulating activity in early sensory regions, including visual cortex. These control regions are damaged in disorders of spatial attention such as unilateral neglect, a common and devastating syndrome that afflicts many stroke victims. Fortunately, visual cortex is often spared direct damage in many patients with neglect, although activity in this region is abnormal due to lack of appropriate modulation by control regions. Restoration of control over visual cortex is a potential means of intervention in patients with neglect. The long-term objective of this research proposal, therefore, is to understand the changes that higher-level brain regions produce in visual cortex to produce the behavioral phenomenon of spatially directed attention. Because there are independent resources for attending to the left and right sides of space, it is important to understand the changes in visual cortex that allow for the specific allocation of attention across (specific aim 1) and within (specific aim 2) visual hemifields. Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) imaging in healthy human subjects will be used to meet these objectives. By measuring neural signals following auditory spatial cues and prior to visual stimulation, it is possible to examine endogenous control signals in visual cortex uncontaminated by visual stimulus-evoked activity. Measurement of the distribution of endogenous signals across visual cortex during explicit manipulation of the locus of spatial attention as well as the location of upcoming distracting visual objects will indicate how precisely visual cortex can be modulated. Furthermore, the relationship of endogenous control signals to accuracy on an upcoming perceptual task at the locus of spatial attention provides a strong indication of the modulations essential for optimal goal-directed behavior. Some of the dysfunction associated with unilateral neglect, a disorder of spatial attention, is due to the loss of normal control over structurally intact brain regions. The goal of this research is to understand how control is exerted over these regions in healthy individuals, with the long-term aim of restoring appropriate control in sufferers of neglect. In addition, understanding the neural mechanisms of spatial attention may inspire directed therapies in other disorders of attention, including traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

描述（由申请人提供）： 目标导向行为的一个重要组成部分是能够自愿注意到一个特定的位置，甚至在物体出现在该位置之前。顶叶和颞叶的大脑区域通过调节包括视觉皮层在内的早期感觉区域的活动来控制空间注意力的分配。这些控制区域在空间注意力障碍中受损，例如单侧忽视，这是一种困扰许多中风患者的常见和破坏性综合征。幸运的是，许多忽视患者的视觉皮层通常不会受到直接损害，尽管由于缺乏控制区域的适当调节，该区域的活动是异常的。恢复对视觉皮层的控制是对忽视患者进行干预的一种潜在手段。因此，这项研究计划的长期目标是了解高级大脑区域在视觉皮层中产生的变化，以产生空间定向注意的行为现象。由于空间的左侧和右侧都有独立的注意力来源，因此理解视觉皮层的变化是很重要的，这些变化允许注意力在视觉半野（特定目标1）和视觉半野（特定目标2）之间的特定分配。将使用健康人类受试者的血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）成像来满足这些目标。通过测量听觉空间线索和视觉刺激之前的神经信号，可以检查未被视觉刺激诱发活动污染的视觉皮层中的内源性控制信号。在明确操纵空间注意力的轨迹以及即将到来的分散注意力的视觉对象的位置期间，测量跨视觉皮层的内源性信号的分布将指示视觉皮层可以被调节的精确程度。此外，内源性控制信号的准确性在即将到来的知觉任务的空间注意力的轨迹的关系提供了一个强有力的指示最佳目标导向的行为所必需的调制。与单侧忽视（一种空间注意力障碍）相关的一些功能障碍是由于对结构完整的大脑区域失去了正常控制。这项研究的目的是了解如何控制这些区域在健康的人，长期的目标是恢复适当的控制忽视患者。此外，了解空间注意力的神经机制可能会启发其他注意力障碍的定向治疗，包括创伤性脑损伤，精神分裂症和注意缺陷多动障碍。