Targeted Peer Victimization and the Development of Negative Self-schemas in Youth

本研究的总体目的是考察不良人际体验对情绪激活的消极自我图式构建的影响。我们的理论是，这样的事件构成了对负面情绪和负面自我相关信息的成对联系的学习测试。一旦建立起来，这些关联使未来的事件能够引起不成比例的、不适应的反应，让人联想到生成性的经历。我们的重点是持续的定向同伴受害与消极自我认知的发展之间的关系，这反过来又是导致抑郁等有问题的情绪行为结果的一个因素。以学校为基础的筛查将确定两组儿童：那些长期受到同伴伤害的儿童和那些没有受到同伴伤害的儿童(N=192)。基于实验室的认知/信息处理评估将提供证据，说明受害历史与多种情绪依赖的负面自我图式形式和功能的迹象之间的关系，包括对负面自我相关信息的选择性注意、记忆和组织。这些措施有望在同伴受害和有问题的情绪行为结果之间的关系中起到调节作用。其他分析将考察信息处理变量在单一因素上的趋同，反映潜在的消极自我图式过程或结构的影响。严厉/苛刻的育儿方式预计会加剧这些影响，而温暖/支持性的育儿方式和同龄人的社会接纳则有望缓解这些影响。此外，还将考察性别和种族的调节作用。最具危害性的受害类型预计会有性别差异。在控制少数族裔地位后，预计不会出现种族差异。该项目的总体目的和目标与1 R01 HD059891-01A1中的相同。唯一的变化是取消了一波的实验室数据采集。我们将同时提交新的R01，纵向延长拟议的2年项目，并增加脑成像组件。

The overall purpose of the proposed research is to examine the influence of adverse interpersonal experiences on the construction of mood-activated negative self -schemas. Our theory is that such events constitute learning trials for the paired association of negative affect and negative self-relevant information. Once established, these associations enable future events, reminiscent of the generative experiences, to evoke a disproportionate and maladaptive response. Our specific focus is on the relation of persistent targeted peer victimization to the development of negative self-cognitions, which in turn serve as a diathesis for problematic emotional-behavior outcomes such as depression. School-based screenings will identify two groups of children: those who have been chronically victimized by peers and those who have not (N = 192). Lab-based cognitive/information-processing assessments will provide evidence about the relation of victimization history to multiple signs of mood-dependent negative self-schema form and function, including selective attention to, memory for, and organization of negative self-relevant information. These measures are expected to mediate the relation between peer victimization and problematic emotional-behavioral outcomes. Additional analyses will examine the convergence of the information-processing variables onto a single factor, reflecting the effects of an underlying negative self-schema process or construct. Harsh/critical parenting is expected to exacerbate these effects, whereas warm/supportive parenting and peer social acceptance are expected to mitigate these effects. Moderating effects of gender and race will also be examined. Gender differences are expected in the type of victimization that is most harmful. After controlling for minority status, racial differences are not expected. The overall purpose and goals of the project remain the same as they were in 1 R01 HD059891-01A1. The only change is to eliminate one wave of the laboratory data collection. We will simultaneously be submitting a new R01 to extend the proposed 2-year project longitudinally and to add a brain imaging component.