How Scientists Remember a Major Discovery: History and Memory of DNA structure.

科学家如何记住一项重大发现：DNA 结构的历史和记忆。

• 批准号: 7673977
• 负责人: PNINA Geraldine ABIR-AM
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: INDEPENDENT SCHOLAR -- ABIR-AM, PG
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2010-09-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7673977
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Affect; Aging; American; Anniversary; Applied Research; Attention; Basic Science; Books; British; Caring; Case Study; Communities; Constitution; Country; DNA; DNA Structure; Data; Disease; Documentation; Drama; Equilibrium; Ethnography; Europe; European; European Union; Event; Festival; Flare; Forensic Medicine; Fortune; Funding; Future; Gender Issues; Genes; Genetic Counseling; Government; Hand; Health; Health Policy; Hereditary Disease; Human Characteristics; Human Genome Project; Industry; Institution; Justice; Laboratories; Learning; Legitimacy; Life; Light; Manuscripts; Maps; Medical Research; Medicine; Memory; Methods; Molecular Biology; Names; National Health Policy; Newspapers; Outcome; Participant; Play; Policies; Policy Maker; Poliomyelitis; Positioning Attribute; Private Sector; Process; Publications; Publishing; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Ethics; Role; Science; Science Policy; Scientist; Shapes; Societies; Structure; System; Therapeutic; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Vaccines; Work; base; biomedical scientist; cancer genetics; comparative; exhibitions; gene therapy; interest; literate; meetings; member; programs; response; science and society; social; sociologist; success; symposium

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project explores how the discovery of DMA structure became part of our cultural memory, from the publication of the first coherent memory in 1968 until the global celebration of the 50th anniversary of this discovery in 2003, by comparing public memories constructed at the 21st, 40th, and 50th anniversaries of this discovery, (in 1974,1993, and 2003, respectively) The project seeks to clarify the shaping of diverse public memories by specific historical contexts. These contexts range from a quest for distributive justice of scientific credit in 1974, by giving public legitimacy to the counter-memories of DMA "losers"; to a quest for association with the financial bonanza of the biotech industry in 1993; and a quest for popular, postgenomics, therapeutic agendas in 2003. The project further compares the public memory constructed at the 50th anniversary of DMA structure in three culturally and politically distinct spaces, namely US, UK, and EU. The project contrasts the campaign of the British government, named "50 years of excellence in British science" with the European Union's campaign for European integration, and the American campaign for controlling the "Future of Life", while also addressing policy issues of "gender and science". This project also explores what role national health policies had in the emergence of a central place for DNA in cultural memory, in view of the fact that many DMA scientists were sponsored by the British Medical Research Council and the NIH. Finally, the project seeks to clarify how the cultural memory of the last four decades relates to DNA's "actual past", (as opposed to its remembered past) in view of new documentation that became available in the last decade. Key themes and methods include: A) Textual and rhetorical analysis of published memories from the period 1960-2003. B) Archival research on unpublished manuscripts and correspondence of relevant scientists or institutions. C) Participant observation and ethnographic analysis of events at the 50th anniversary in 2003 including interational conferences, exhibitions, plays, TV programs, and newspaper special issues, in the US/ UK/ EU. Lessons from this first ever study to clarify the interplay between DNA history and its public memory will enable us to better address major health challenges in which DNA research and its applications figure centrally, such as cancer, genetic diseases, and aging.

描述(由申请人提供)： 这个项目探索了从1968年第一个连贯记忆的发布到2003年全球庆祝这一发现50周年的过程，DMA结构的发现如何成为我们文化记忆的一部分，通过比较在这一发现的第21、40和50周年(分别在1974年、1993年和2003年)构建的公共记忆，该项目试图阐明特定历史背景对不同公共记忆的塑造。这些背景从1974年寻求科学信用的分配正义，通过赋予DMA“失败者”的反记忆的公正性；到1993年寻求与生物技术行业的金融财富相关联；以及2003年寻求流行的、后基因组学、治疗议程。该项目进一步比较了在DMA结构50周年时构建的公共记忆在三个文化和政治上截然不同的空间，即美国、英国和欧盟。 该项目与英国政府的活动形成了鲜明的对比，该活动名为“英国50年卓越成就” 与欧盟的欧洲一体化运动和美国的 控制“生活的未来”，同时解决“性别与科学”的政策问题。 这个项目还探讨了国家卫生政策在出现一个中心地位方面的作用 文化记忆中的DNA，因为许多DMA科学家是由英国医学研究理事会和美国国立卫生研究院赞助的。最后，鉴于过去十年出现的新文件，该项目试图澄清过去四十年的文化记忆与DNA的“实际过去”(而不是其记忆中的过去)之间的关系。主要主题和方法包括： A)对1960-2003年出版的记忆进行文本和修辞分析。 B)对有关科学家或机构的未发表手稿和通信进行档案研究。 C)对2003年美国/英国/欧盟50周年纪念活动的参与者观察和民族志分析，包括国际会议、展览、戏剧、电视节目和报纸特刊。 从这项首次研究中获得的经验教训将澄清DNA历史及其公共记忆之间的相互作用 使我们能够更好地应对主要的健康挑战，其中DNA研究及其应用 集中在癌症、遗传病和老龄化等方面。