Speech sound processing within human auditory cortex during self-vocalization

描述（由申请人提供）：在表达性言语期间，来自自生声源和环境声源的声学刺激在听觉系统内持续处理。该信息用于通过特征不佳的反馈网络来调整和优化语音输出。这个网络被认为在包括口吃在内的各种语言障碍中功能失调，并且可能在一些精神病患者中受损。尽管这个神经系统很重要，但人们对人类发声时听觉皮层的功能知之甚少。在这个提议中，我计划在癫痫手术患者志愿者中使用侵入性实验方法来研究这个系统。通过使用直接的电生理记录，刺激技术，和可逆的局灶性冷却，它是可行的，以获得信息的功能组织的人类听觉皮层在发声过程中，不能使用非侵入性的方法。我的具体目标是：1）识别和表征在发声过程中记录的听觉诱发反应的差异，以及当这些发声被回放时，2）表征发声过程中听觉反馈的改变如何改变听觉皮层记录的活动，3）测试额叶言语区在功能上与听觉皮层场相连的假设，这些听觉皮层场证明了发声引起的声音处理变化，以及4）使用皮层冷却方法来可逆地使额叶部位失活，并检查这在发声期间如何影响功能连接的颞叶部位中的语音处理。这项研究将在全面的职业发展计划的背景下进行。我很幸运，有经验丰富和承诺的导师谁是专家在相关领域的这个项目。我也将有充分的机会获得进行人类大脑生理学研究所需的最佳资源。我将参加正式的课程，指导学习和研讨会，这将进一步我的目标，获得必要的科学技能，成为一个独立的神经外科医生，科学家。 相关性：这个项目将进一步我们的大脑机制参与人类发声的理解。这些机制知之甚少，在某些语言障碍和精神病中可能是异常的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): During expressive speech, acoustic stimuli from both self-generated and environmental sound sources are continually processed within the auditory system. This information is used to adjust and optimize speech output through a poorly characterized feedback network. This network is thought to be dysfunctional in a variety of speech disorders, including stuttering, and may be impaired in some patients with psychoses. Despite the importance of this neural system, little is known about how auditory cortex functions when humans vocalize. In this proposal I plan to study this system using invasive experimental methods in epilepsy surgery patient volunteers. By using direct electrophysiologic recording, stimulation techniques, and reversible focal cooling, it is feasible to obtain information about the functional organization of human auditory cortex during vocalization that cannot be obtained using non-invasive methods. My specific aims are to 1) identify and characterize differences in auditory evoked responses recorded during vocalization and when these vocalizations are played back, 2) characterize how auditory feedback alterations during vocalization changes activity recorded from auditory cortex, 3) test the hypothesis that frontal lobe speech areas are functionally connected to the auditory cortical fields that demonstrate vocalization-induced changes in sound processing, and 4) use a cortical cooling method to reversibly deactivate frontal lobe sites and examine how this affects speech sound processing in functionally connected temporal lobe sites during vocalization. This research will be carried out in the context of a comprehensive career development program. I am fortunate to have experienced and committed mentors who are experts in areas relevant to this project. I also will have full access to the optimal resources needed for conducting human brain physiology research. I will participate in formal coursework, directed study and seminars that will further my objective of acquiring the scientific skills necessary to become an independent neurosurgeon-scientist. RELEVANCE: This project will further our understanding of brain mechanisms involved in human vocalization. These mechanisms are poorly understood and may be abnormal in certain speech disorders and psychoses.