Development and Use of rtfMRI for Self-control of Nicotine Craving

项目摘要 本提案旨在研究真实的实时功能磁共振成像的应用 （rtfMRI）作为治疗物质使用障碍的操作性训练反馈机制。最近 数据表明个体可以降低某些脑区域（例如前扣带皮层， 前额叶皮层、听觉皮层，当它们收到有关大脑激活的信息时， 地区实验和临床疼痛已减少与rtfMRI信号反馈，从吻侧 前扣带回以与血氧水平依赖性降低成比例的方式 （粗体）来自该地区的信号。这些区域与物质作用的区域重叠 滥用和物质使用障碍（SUD）的发展。初始信息将打开 应用神经反馈改善患者样本治疗结果的可能性。本 应用程序试图扩大这些过程的调查，并验证其适用性， 物质依赖志愿者在最初的研究中，我们将检查尼古丁依赖的能力， 志愿者减少他们对香烟的渴望。选择这种物质是因为它的高保留率 一般人口的发病率和流行率以及公共卫生负担，但预计未来 研究将探讨其他形式的成瘾（如可卡因、鸦片剂）。我们的多学科团队 提出通过以下方式推进该领域的现有知识：（1）使用不是来自单个大脑区域的数据， 而是来自尼古丁渴望和依赖的网络，从而解释了 尼古丁渴求过程中大脑区域激活模式的个体差异;（2）发展一种 通过使用动脉自旋标记（ASL）的可定量方法;以及（3）确定 个人对这些过程的期望（例如，评估这些影响的程度） 安慰剂相关反应）。这个项目的发展和实验元素 这项建议将导致新的治疗途径，将很容易推广到其他形式的 除了尼古丁，药物成瘾，并可能影响大量的结果 寻求药物滥用治疗的个人。

Project Summary Abstract This proposal aims to study the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging in real time (rtfMRI) as an operant training feedback mechanism for treating substance use disorders. Recent data suggest that individuals can reduce activity in some brain regions (e.g. anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, auditory cortex when they are presented with information about activation in that brain region. Experimental and clinical pain have been reduced with rtfMRI signal feedback from the rostral anterior cingulate in a manner proportional to reductions in the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal from that region. These regions overlap with those involved in the effets of substances of abuse and the development of substance use disorders (SUDs). The initial information opens the possibility of applying neurofeedback to improve treatment outcomes in patient samples. The present application seeks to expand the investigation of these processes and validate their applicability to substance dependent volunteers. In initial studies we will examine the capacity of nicotine dependent volunteers to reduce their craving for cigarettes. This substance was selected for its high retention rates and prevalence and public health burden in the general population, but it is expected that future studies would explore other forms of addiction (e.g. cocaine, opiates). Our multidisciplinary team proposes to advance current knowledge in this area by: (1) using data not from a single brain region, but from networks involved in nicotine craving and dependence, thereby accounting for inter- individual differences in brain regional activation patterns during nicotine craving; (2) developing a quantifiable method by using arterial spin labeling (ASL); and (3) determining the influence of individual expectations on these processes (e.g. assessing the degree to which these effects are attributable to placebo-related responding). The developmental and experimental elements of this proposal will lead to new avenues for treatment that would be readily generalizable to other forms of drug addiction besides nicotine, and potentially impacting on the outcomes of the substantial numbers of individuals seeking substance abuse treatment.