Biological and Social Correlates of Drug Use in African American Emerging Adults

非洲裔美国新兴成年人吸毒的生物和社会相关性

• 批准号: 7858032
• 负责人: KATHY SANDERS-PHILLIPS
• 金额: $ 3.48万
• 依托单位: HOWARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-01 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7858032
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Address; Adult; African American; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Area; Baltimore; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Cardiovascular Diseases; Centers of Research Excellence; Child; Child health care; Chronic Disease; Clinical; Communities; Comparative Study; Contracts; Data; Dependence; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease; District of Columbia; Drug Addiction; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Drug user; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiology; Ethanol Metabolism; Exposure to; Family history of; Feeling hopeless; Female; First Degree Relative; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Gender; Genetic; Genetic Markers; Goals; Heterogeneity; Household; Individual; Infant Development; Infant Mortality; Laboratories; Life; Light; Malignant Neoplasms; Mediating; Mental Health; Mental disorders; National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities; Obesity; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Population; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Self Efficacy; Serotonin; Sex Characteristics; Stress; Stroke; Subgroup; Substance abuse problem; System; Tobacco; Violence; Youth; aged; alcohol use disorder; base; biological adaptation to stress; depression; design; drug metabolism; emerging adult; environmental stressor; fetal drug exposure; gene environment interaction; genetic risk factor; health disparity; high risk; improved; innovation; interest; male; minority health; neurochemistry; population based; psychologic; psychological distress; response; social; young adult

Current findings suggest that, unlike other groups in the U.S., drug use and abuse increases in African American youth as they transition into adulthood. African Americans also show bimodal patterns of drug use with large numbers both heavy and low drug users. These findings highlight the need to identify factors that may be related to increases in drug use during early adulthood and those that contribute to heterogeneity in drug use within this population. Therefore, this study is designed to assess the impact of genetic risk factors (i.e., a family history of drug dependence; genetic markers for depression) and environmental stress (i.e., exposure to interpersonal and community violence) on psychological functioning and drug use,and abuse in a community-based, non-clinical sample of African-American male and female young adults aged 18-25 (n=600). There is accumulating evidence that genetic factors, such as a family history of drug dependence, and environmental stress, such as violence exposure, are significant correlates of drug use. Depression, which may be precipitated by both genetic factors and environmental stress, is also significantly related to drug use and common neurochemical pathways may mediate both stress responses, such as depression, and drug use. Despite these findings, few studies have examined successive relationships between genetic and environmental risk factors, psychological functioning and drug use and abuse, especially in African American populations. As a result, we know little about the degree to which individuals with genetic markers for drug use and/or depression may, when faced with environmental stress such as violence, have a greater likelihood of psychological distress such as depression and subsequent drug use or abuse. This study will examine relationships between genetic and environmental risk factors for drug use and depression, psychological functioning, and ATOD (alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use) in a sample of African American young adufts. It may be particularly important to examine these relationships in African Americans who are at risk for exposure to violence and drug use and abuse as they transition into adult roles and responsibilities. The findings may also assist in identifying subgroups of African Americans who may be at high risk for depression and/or drug use or abuse in response to urban environmental stress. The proposed study, with its focus on gene-environment interactions influencing psychological functioning and drug use/abuse in African American youth is consistent with the proposed P20 application which is designed to address health disparities in child and young adult populations in substance use, violence and chronic disease.

目前的研究结果表明，与美国其他群体不同，非洲毒品使用和滥用增加 美国年轻人正向成年过渡。非裔美国人也表现出双峰模式的药物使用 大量的重度和轻度吸毒者。这些发现强调需要确定 可能与成年早期药物使用的增加有关， 在这一人群中使用毒品。因此，本研究旨在评估遗传风险因素的影响 (i.e.,药物依赖的家族史;抑郁症的遗传标记）和环境压力（即， 暴露于人际和社区暴力）对心理功能和药物使用的影响， 一个基于社区的非临床样本，年龄在18-25岁的非洲裔美国男性和女性年轻人 （n=600）。越来越多的证据表明，遗传因素，如药物依赖的家族史， 和环境压力，如暴力暴露，是吸毒的重要相关因素。抑郁症， 这可能是由遗传因素和环境压力共同促成的， 药物使用和常见的神经化学途径可以介导压力反应，如抑郁， 和吸毒 尽管有这些发现，但很少有研究探讨遗传和 环境风险因素、心理功能以及药物使用和滥用，特别是非洲裔美国人 人口。因此，我们对具有药物遗传标记的个体在多大程度上 使用和/或抑郁可能，当面临环境压力，如暴力，有更大的 心理困扰的可能性，如抑郁症和随后的药物使用或滥用。本研究将 研究药物使用和抑郁症的遗传和环境风险因素之间的关系， 心理功能和ATOD（酒精，烟草和其他药物使用）在非洲裔美国人的样本 年轻的成年人在非裔美国人中检查这些关系可能特别重要， 在向成人角色和责任过渡时，面临暴力、吸毒和滥用毒品的风险。 这些发现也可能有助于确定非洲裔美国人的亚群，他们可能处于高风险， 抑郁症和/或药物使用或滥用，以应对城市环境压力。拟议的研究，与 其重点是影响心理功能和药物使用/滥用的基因-环境相互作用， 非裔美国青年符合拟议的P20应用程序，旨在解决健康问题 儿童和青年人在药物使用、暴力和慢性病方面的差异。