Parenting to Prevent Substance Use in Late Adolescence

描述（由申请人提供）：在发展的过渡阶段，与家庭、同伴和亲密伴侣的关系可以是风险或弹性的背景。理想情况下，这些关系保护和支持对新角色的积极适应，但有时它们会使个人暴露于预测未来问题行为的风险中，比如药物滥用。我们的研究团队已经开发出一种有效的干预措施，针对这些关键关系，以减少物质使用和其他风险行为，同时增强导致健康，适应性行为的保护因素。这种干预被称为家庭检查（FCU），已经在不同年龄和样本中进行了研究。我们建议现在把重点放在向成年的过渡上，这一时期与最高的药物使用率和危及生命的危险行为（例如，高风险的性行为、饮酒和驾驶）有关。本研究将扩展我们以前的工作，提供FCU作为青年从高中毕业的过渡。它将研究青春期后期的亲子关系如何可能起到保护作用，或可能导致在成年过渡期间通常观察到的药物使用和滥用升级。我们建议对现有的593个种族和社会经济不同的青年及其家庭的社区样本进行随访，他们最初是在11岁时被招募的，作为中学期间以学校为基础，以家庭为中心的药物使用预防干预的一部分。分配到原始治疗条件的家庭将提供额外的干预，以在这一过渡期间针对亲子关系，并将提供有关家庭过程中发展变化的关键信息，以保护青少年在此期间免受药物滥用。青少年后期的FCU干预措施旨在(a)防止药物使用升级，(b)注重促进独立生活的亲子关系，(c)阻止不健康的同伴关系和促进吸毒的活动，以及(d)在向成年过渡期间提供支持，以增强适应行为和健康的成人结果。我们还将评估FCU在减少物质使用和问题行为的增长以及支持健康适应方面的持久功效和FCU对青春期后期的初步功效。这项研究将大大有助于我们理解青春期后期的父母教育、与药物使用相关的风险因素，以及导致成年早期健康和适应性行为的保护因素。如果成功，这种干预将是一种具有成本效益的手段，可以减少药物使用和其他风险行为，这些行为可以在青少年向独立生活过渡时嵌入高中。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Across developmental transitions, relationships with family, peers, and intimate partners can be contexts of risk or resilience. Ideally, these relationships protect and support positive adaptation to new roles, but sometimes they expose the individual to risk that is predictive of later problem behaviors, such as substance abuse. Our research team has developed an effective intervention that targets these key relationships in order to reduce substance use and other risk behaviors while simultaneously enhancing protective factors that lead to healthy, adaptive behavior. This intervention, called the Family Check-Up (FCU), has been studied across various ages and samples. We propose to now focus on the transition to adulthood, the period associated with the highest rates of substance use and life-threatening risk behaviors (e.g., high-risk sexual behavior, drinking and driving). This study will extend our previous work by offering the FCU as youth transition out of high school. It will examine how parent-child relationships in late adolescence may be protective or may contribute to escalating substance use and abuse typically observed during the transition to adulthood. We propose to follow up an existing community sample of 593 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse youth and their families who were originally recruited at age 11 as part of a school-based, family-centered intervention for substance use prevention during the middle school years. Families assigned to the original treatment condition will be offered an additional intervention that would target parent-youth relationships during this transition, and would provide critical information about developmental changes in family processes that protect youth from substance abuse during this period. The late-adolescence version of the FCU intervention is designed to (a) prevent escalation of substance use, (b) focus on parent-youth relationships that foster independent living, (c) discourage unhealthy peer relationships and activities that promote drug use, and (d) provide support to enhance adaptive behavior and healthy adult outcomes during the transition to adulthood. We will also evaluate the enduring efficacy of the FCU and the preliminary efficacy of the FCU for late adolescence in terms of reducing growth in substance use and problem behaviors and supporting healthy adaptation. The study will significantly contribute to our understanding of parenting in late adolescence and risk factors associated with substance use, as well as protective factors that lead to health and adaptive behavior in early adulthood. If successful, this intervention will be a cost-effective means to reduce substance use and other risk behavior that can be embedded into high schools as youth transition to independent living.