Attentional Mechanisms in Multisensory Environments

多感官环境中的注意机制

• 批准号: 8663319
• 负责人: Marty G. Woldorff
• 金额: $ 33.64万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-01-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8663319
• 关键词: Adverse effects; Alzheimer' s Disease; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Auditory; Autistic Disorder; Automobile Driving; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Concussion; Brain Diseases; Brain region; Cognitive; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Coupling; Cues; Data; Detection; Electroencephalography; Environment; Event-Related Potentials; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Hemispatial Neglect; Impairment; Individual; Investigation; Knowledge; Life; Link; Location; Measures; Memory; Mental disorders; Modality; Neuroanatomy; Pattern; Process; Reporting; Research; Resolution; Rewards; Sensory; Sensory Process; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Stroke; Study Subject; System; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Traumatic Brain Injury; Vision; Visual; Visual attention; Visual evoked cortical potential; Work; analog; behavior measurement; cognitive control; cognitive function; coping; design; distraction; effective therapy; expectation; improved; member; multisensory; nervous system disorder; neural model; neuromechanism; novel; rapid detection; relating to nervous system; research study; response; segregation; sound; stimulus processing; visual search

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We live in a multisensory world, which requires us to continually, dynamically, and effectively process stimuli from across the sensory modalities. To do so successfully, we need to integrate corresponding unisensory stimulus components together to perceive coherent multisensory objects, while also appropriately segregating out concurrent non-corresponding stimuli. In the next period of this grant, we propose a new set of studies to continue our programmatic investigation of the mechanisms by which attention and related cognitive factors facilitate effective functioning in complex multisensory environments. In particular, we will investigate three fundamental facets of these mechanisms. First, we will study the influence of the top-down cognitive factors of spatial attention and reward prospect on multisensory (auditory/visual) integration and segregation processes. Second, we will examine the commonality across the auditory and visual modalities of the mechanisms underlying rapid attentional target-search processes in complex stimulus environments, including the cross- modality coupling of such attentional processes. Third, we will investigate the multisensory integration and segregation processes when input from one particular modality is relevant, but there is conflicting concurrent input from a second modality; we will also compare these crossmodal processes to those invoked in response to conflicting input from within the same modality. As before, we will use a combination of behavioral measures, oscillatory electroencephalography (EEG), event-related potentials (ERPs), and functional MRI (fMRI) to perform these studies, with the aim to delineate the timing, sequence, and location of underlying neural processes. Additionally, we will acquire EEG and fMRI measures of brain activity simultaneously for several of the proposed experiments using our new MR- compatible EEG system purchased via a supplement from this project. Such an approach will enable us to perform trial-to-trial covariational analyses on the EEG and fMRI data patterns, providing powerful new ways to link the high-temporal-resolution EEG signals to the associated cortical generators measured in the fMRI. Moreover, the simultaneous recording will also allow us to examine the modulating influence on the cortical EEG of the subcortical brain regions involved in attention, reward, and multisensory integration but whose influence cannot be assessed with EEG alone. Thus, these experiments will delineate with unprecedented precision the neural mechanisms by which attention and related cognitive functions enable successful navigation of our complex multisensory world.

描述(申请人提供)：我们生活在一个多感官的世界，这要求我们持续、动态和有效地处理来自各种感官通道的刺激。为了成功地做到这一点，我们需要将相应的单感觉刺激成分整合在一起，以感知一致的多感觉对象，同时也适当地分离出同时存在的非相应刺激。在这笔赠款的下一阶段，我们提出了一组新的研究，以继续我们对注意力和相关认知因素在复杂的多感觉环境中促进有效功能的机制的程序性研究。在……里面 特别是，我们将研究这些机制的三个基本方面。首先，我们将研究空间注意和奖赏前景的自上而下认知因素对多感觉(听觉/视觉)整合和分离过程的影响。其次，我们将考察复杂刺激环境中快速注意目标搜索过程背后的听觉和视觉通道机制的共性，包括这种注意过程的跨通道耦合。第三，我们将研究当来自一个特定通道的输入是相关的，但来自第二个通道的同时输入存在冲突时的多感觉整合和分离过程；我们还将比较这些跨通道过程与在同一通道内响应冲突输入时调用的跨通道过程。和以前一样，我们将使用行为测量、振荡脑电(EEG)、事件相关电位(ERPs)和功能磁共振(FMRI)来进行这些研究，目的是描绘潜在神经过程的时间、顺序和位置。此外，我们将使用我们通过该项目的补充购买的新的MR兼容脑电系统，在几个拟议的实验中同时获得脑电和功能磁共振测量大脑活动的数据。这种方法将使我们能够对EEG和fMRI数据模式进行试验到试验的协变分析，提供强大的新方法来将高时间分辨率的EEG信号与在fMRI中测量的相关皮质生成器联系起来。此外，同步记录还将使我们能够检查涉及注意、奖励和多感觉整合的皮质下脑区对皮质脑电的调制影响，但其影响不能仅用脑电来评估。因此，这些实验将以前所未有的精度描绘神经机制，通过这些机制，注意力和相关的认知功能能够成功地导航我们复杂的多感官世界。