Attentional Mechanisms in Multisensory Environments

多感官环境中的注意机制

• 批准号: 7151909
• 负责人: Marty G. Woldorff
• 金额: $ 33.65万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7151909
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anterior; Area; Attention; Attentional deficit; Auditory; Auditory area; Binding; Brain; Brain imaging; Cells; Characteristics; Data; Detection; Discrimination; Dorsal; Elements; Environment; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Exhibits; Face; Figs - dietary; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Group Processes; Grouping; Hand; Human; Illusions; Individual; Lateral; Lead; Life; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Mental disorders; Modality; Operative Surgical Procedures; Parietal; Pathway interactions; Persons; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Recruitment Activity; Research Personnel; Resources; Sensory; Sensory Process; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Stream; Sum; System; Thinking; Time; Vision; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual attention; Visual system structure; Voice; Work; auditory stimulus; behavior measurement; cingulate cortex; cognitive function; deviant; distraction; executive function; hemodynamics; insight; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; novel; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory cortex; sound; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our ability to selectively focus attention on elements of our sensory environment is a critical cognitive function that enables us to enhance the processing of high priority stimuli. A classic example is the "cocktail party" effect, in which a person can focus selectively on a particular speaker while tuning out other conversations. In vision, attending to a particular region of the visual field results in faster and better detection and discrimination of stimuli in that region. Both electrophysiological and hemodynamic brain imaging studies have shown that top-down executive attentional mechanisms can influence early sensory processing in modality-specific cortices. Recent studies using event-related functional MRI (fMRI) in humans have implicated a fronto-parietal network in the executive control of visual attention. As yet, however, relatively little work has investigated how attention is switched or coordinated between sensory modalities. Thus, it is not yet clear which brain mechanisms, regions, and resources controlling attention are supramodal and which are modality specific. Moreover, real objects, including speakers at cocktail parties, have multisensory characteristics that need to be attended, perceived, and integrated. Because multisensory integration involves synthesis of information derived from different sensory channels, it is not clear that the same attentional mechanisms will be operative in a multisensory environment as are employed in a unisensory situation. For example, attention to one feature or aspect of a multisensory object (e.g., the face of a speaker) might lead to a cross-modal spreading of attention (e.g., to encompass the speaker's voice). The present project proposes to combine event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related fMRI to study the mechanisms by which attention operates in multisensory environments. This will include the study of executive control mechanisms and brain circuits that coordinate and switch attention between different sensory modalities, as well as how attention influences and interacts with the processing and integration of multisensory stimuli. Recording both ERP and fMRI measures of brain activity during the attentional tasks will reveal not only the brain areas that subserve multisensory attentional operations, but also the timing and sequence of their activations, thereby enhancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Attentional deficits form key components of a variety of neurological disorders and mental illnesses, and thus elucidating the basic mechanism.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们选择性地将注意力集中在感官环境元素上的能力是一种关键的认知功能，使我们能够增强对高优先级刺激的处理。一个经典的例子是“鸡尾酒会”效应，即一个人可以选择性地专注于某个特定的发言者，而忽略其他对话。在视觉中，注意视野的特定区域导致更快和更好地检测和区分该区域的刺激。电生理学和血流动力学脑成像研究表明，自上而下的执行注意机制可以影响特定模态皮层的早期感觉加工。最近的研究使用事件相关的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）在人类有牵连的额顶叶网络的视觉注意力的执行控制。然而，到目前为止，相对较少的工作已经调查了如何注意力的切换或协调之间的感官形式。因此，目前尚不清楚哪些大脑机制、区域和资源控制注意力是超模态的，哪些是模态特异性的。此外，真实的物体，包括鸡尾酒会上的演讲者，具有多感官特征，需要被关注、感知和整合。由于多感觉整合涉及来自不同感觉通道的信息的合成，因此，在多感觉环境中是否会像在单一感觉情境中一样发挥作用，这一点尚不清楚。例如，对多感官对象的一个特征或方面的注意（例如，说话者的脸）可能导致注意力的跨模态扩散（例如，以包含说话者的声音）。本研究拟将联合收割机事件相关电位（ERP）和事件相关功能磁共振成像（FMRI）相结合，研究多感觉环境中注意的运作机制。这将包括执行控制机制和大脑回路的研究，协调和切换不同的感官模式之间的注意力，以及注意力如何影响和相互作用的处理和多感官刺激的整合。在注意力任务期间记录ERP和fMRI测量的大脑活动不仅可以揭示有助于多感觉注意力操作的大脑区域，还可以揭示其激活的时间和顺序，从而增强我们对潜在机制的理解。注意力缺陷是各种神经系统疾病和精神疾病的关键组成部分，从而阐明了基本机制。