Self-selected diet composition, adherence to caloric restriction, and cardiometabolic disease risk

自我选择的饮食结构、坚持热量限制和心脏代谢疾病风险

• 批准号: 9807563
• 负责人: Sai Krupa Das
• 金额: $ 14.92万
• 依托单位: TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9807563
• 关键词: Adherence; Affect; Aging; Animal Model; Animals; Attenuated; Base Ratios; Blood Pressure; Caloric Restriction; Calories; Carbohydrates; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials; Complex; Consumption; Control Groups; Data; Databases; Diet; Dietary Component; Dietary Factors; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Intervention; Dietary Practices; Disease; Energy Intake; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Fiber; Food; Funding; Glucose; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Individual; Inflammatory; Insulin; Intake; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Link; Lipids; Long-Term Effects; Macronutrients Nutrition; Measures; Metabolic; Methodology; Modeling; Modification; Mus; Non obese; Nutritional; Obesity; Outcome; Overweight; Participant; Play; Population; Portraits; Prevention; Preventive Intervention; Preventive Medicine; Protein-Restricted Diet; Proteins; Randomized Controlled Trials; Regimen; Regulation; Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Satiation; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; age related; analytical tool; cardiometabolic risk; cardiometabolism; cardiovascular disorder risk; disorder risk; healthspan; indexing; individual response; inflammatory marker; innovation; insight; nutrition; predictive marker; protein intake; response

PROJECT SUMMARY Calorie restriction (CR) is a promising nutritional strategy that has the potential to attenuate the risk of age- related disease. The National Institutes of Health-funded CALERIE (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy) was the first clinical trial to demonstrate the feasibility of achieving sustained, moderate CR in healthy, non-obese adults. Remarkable reductions in cardiometabolic risk factors were observed in the CR group compared with the ad libitum intake control group. Over the two-year study period, participants were prescribed a caloric intake target but self-selected their diet, and notable variability was observed in objectively measured adherence to CR. Examining diet composition during CR compared to ad libitum intake will help identify factors that may contribute to this variability. Emerging evidence suggests that the ratio of macronutrients in the diet plays an important and independent role in influencing health. Studies in mice indicate that a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet is associated with a longer healthspan. This observation contradicts findings of greater satiety and lower energy intake associated with a higher protein diet. As higher protein intake likely supports adherence to a CR regimen, further research is needed to determine whether dietary composition can be optimized for both longer healthspan and CR adherence. The proposed research directly contributes to the NIH FOA PA-18-824 and will use CALERIE data to evaluate the effect of dietary composition on adherence to CR and resultant cardiometabolic disease risk factor modification. The publicly available CALERIE database includes comprehensive measures of self-selected diet composition, an objective measure of caloric intake, and a variety of health outcomes including inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk factors. We will use the Geometric Framework for Nutrition (GFN), a state-of-the-art analytical approach that can simultaneously evaluate multiple dietary components and determine their associations with disease risk. Identifying these dietary factors has important implications for optimizing adherence to CR and for the prevention and treatment of age-related chronic disease. We hypothesize that dietary components associated with successful CR in a non-obese, disease-free population will confer even stronger benefits in individuals at risk for cardiometabolic disease, such as populations with overweight or obesity. Our long-term goal is for our results to inform dietary intervention strategies to facilitate CR, attenuate cardiometabolic risk, and reduce the burden of age-related chronic disease.

项目摘要 热量限制（CR）是一种有前途的营养策略，有可能减轻年龄增长的风险。 相关疾病。美国国立卫生研究院资助的CALERIE（长期综合评估） 减少能量摄入的影响）是第一个证明实现 在健康、非肥胖成人中持续、中度CR。显著降低心脏代谢风险因素 与自由进食对照组相比，CR组观察到。在为期两年的研究中， 在此期间，参与者被规定了热量摄入目标，但他们自己选择了饮食，并且存在显著的差异 在客观测量的CR依从性中观察到。检查CR期间的饮食组成，与 自由摄入将有助于确定可能导致这种变异性的因素。新出现的证据表明 饮食中常量营养素的比例在影响健康方面起着重要而独立的作用。 对老鼠的研究表明，低蛋白、高碳水化合物的饮食与更长的健康寿命有关。这 这一观察结果与蛋白质含量高的人饱腹感更强、能量摄入量更低的发现相矛盾， 饮食.由于更高的蛋白质摄入量可能支持坚持CR方案，因此需要进一步研究， 确定饮食组成是否可以优化更长的健康寿命和CR坚持。的 拟议的研究直接有助于NIH FOA PA-18-824，并将使用CALERIE数据来评估 膳食组成对CR依从性及由此产生的心脏代谢疾病危险因素的影响 改性公开提供的CALERIE数据库包括自我选择的综合措施， 饮食组成，热量摄入的客观衡量标准，以及各种健康结果，包括 炎症和心脏代谢危险因素。我们将使用营养几何框架（GFN）， 最先进的分析方法，可以同时评估多种饮食成分， 确定它们与疾病风险的关系。确定这些饮食因素对以下方面具有重要意义： 优化对CR的依从性，以及预防和治疗与年龄相关的慢性疾病。我们 假设在非肥胖、无疾病人群中与成功CR相关饮食成分 将为有心脏代谢疾病风险的个体带来更大的益处，例如患有以下疾病的人群： 超重或肥胖。我们的长期目标是让我们的研究结果为饮食干预策略提供信息， CR，降低心血管代谢风险，减轻年龄相关慢性疾病的负担。