Exposure to flavored tobacco advertising and associations with future use in young adults: implications for health equity

项目总结 对加香料烟草产品的潜在禁令是减少年轻人开始使用烟草产品的一种政策选择 成年人。然而，很少有研究考察它在减少由于烟草引起的脆弱人群差异方面的潜力。 广告曝光率，对风味产品的认知，以及差异化使用。 这项研究的目的是解决 有针对性的FTP营销如何影响弱势群体对烟草的认知、易感性和启动 人口 (从华盛顿特区吸烟率最高的3个选区招募，非洲裔美国人百分比，以及 最低SES) (VP)与华盛顿特区的非弱势群体(非VP)年轻人。它将解决 政策禁止或限制调味烟草产品的可能性，以减少烟草，并最终减少癌症 并加强烟草营销风险分配的公平性。 目前的研究将建立在 精加工可能性模型(ELM)，一个关于广告如何产生说服作用的认知加工模型。这个 Elm建议烟草广告起作用的一种方式是将烟草与“外围线索”联系起来，这是积极的属性 包括可能有助于正面评价和降低对调味产品的有害认知的调味品。横跨 这项多层次的研究(商店和个人层面)，样本为n=256名VP和非VP的年轻成年非烟草使用者 我将在ELM的基础上检查现实世界中接触到的FTP广告的差异，强调销售点 (POS)暴露，使用14天的生态瞬时评估(EMA)。它将检查暴露的影响 关于自我报告的自由贸易协定的看法(伤害更低，吸引力更大)。参与者将在2周和6周进行评估 基线后几个月，以检查FTP广告和态度对敏感度、意图和 烟草使用模式(FTP和非FTP)作为VP组状态的函数。POS暴露将通过以下方式进行验证 受访者访问的商店中的烟草广告照片。我们的具体目标是(1) 确定频率 以及由FTP描述符(例如，薄荷醇， 樱桃)在副总裁和非副总裁年轻人访问的烟草零售商中，(2) 比较不同的伤害感知和 在VP和非VP青壮年中，FTPVS非FTP型广告和描述符的吸引力以及(3)检查 FTP广告和描述符暴露对FTP的易感性、使用意图和启动的预测性效用 (和非FTP)对VP和非VP的年轻人进行6个月的随访。这种对数据进行三角测量的独特方法 在商店和个人认知层面将产生及时的信息，因为FTP的使用增加了，并且需要 确定新的政策和方法，以消除弱势群体的烟草差距。实现这一目标 R21将确定这些关联是否存在，并为更大规模的研究开发提供基础 干预措施 纠正对ftp的误解，促进ftp去规范化 在年轻人中 ，并检查 限制FTP可用性和广告的本地策略可能产生的影响 特别是在脆弱的社区。这 研究还可以为在POS检查其他有害产品的有针对性的营销提供基础。

PROJECT SUMMARY A potential ban on flavored tobacco products is a policy option to reduce tobacco product initiation by youth and young adults. However, few studies examine its potential to reduce disparities in vulnerable populations due to tobacco advertising exposure, perceptions of flavored products, and differential use. The purpose of this study is to address how targeted marketing of FTPs may influence perceptions of, susceptibility to and initiation of tobacco in a vulnerable population (recruited from 3 wards within Washington, DC with the highest smoking rates, % African American, and lowest SES) (VP) vs. a non-vulnerable population (non-VP) of young adults in Washington, DC. It will address the potential of a policy ban or restrictions on flavored tobacco products to reduce tobacco and, ultimately, cancer disparities and enhance equity in the distribution of tobacco marketing risk. The current study will build on the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), a model of cognitive processing of how advertising results in persuasion. The ELM suggests that one way tobacco advertising works is by linking tobacco to `peripheral cues,' positive attributes including flavoring that may contribute to positive appraisal and lower harm perceptions of flavored products. Across a sample of n = 256 VP and non-VP young adult non-tobacco users, this multi-level study (store- and individual-level) will build on the ELM to examine differences in real-world exposure to FTP advertising, emphasizing point of sale (POS) exposure, using 14 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA). It will examine the influence of exposure on self-reported perceptions of FTPs (lower harm, more appeal). Participants will be assessed at 2-weeks and 6- months post-baseline to examine differential impacts of FTP advertising and attitudes on susceptibility, intentions, and tobacco use patterns (for FTPs and non-FTPs) as a function of VP group status. POS exposure will be validated by photographs of tobacco advertising in stores visited by respondents. Our specific aims are to (1) Identify the frequency of FTP and non-FTP advertising, and number and types of products characterized by FTP descriptors (e.g., menthol, cherry) in tobacco retailers visited by VP and non-VP young adults, (2) Compare differences in harm perceptions and appeal of FTP vs non-FTP advertisements and descriptors across VP and non-VP young adults and (3) Examine the predictive utility of FTP advertising and descriptor exposure on susceptibility, intentions to use, and initiation of FTPs (and non-FTPs) at 6-month follow-up across VP and non-VP young adults. This unique approach to triangulate data at the store and individual cognitive level will yield timely information given the increase in use of FTPs and the need to identify new policies and approaches to combat tobacco disparities in vulnerable groups. Achieving the aims of this R21 will establish whether these associations exist and provide the foundation for a larger study developing interventions correcting FTP misperceptions, promoting FTP de-normalization among young adults , and examining the likely impact of local policies to restrict FTP availability and advertising particularly in vulnerable communities. This study can also provide a basis for examining targeted marketing of other harmful products at POS.