Examining the Mechanisms Underlying the Influence of Facebook Food Advertisements on Adolescents' Eating Behaviors: Randomized Controlled Trials

检查 Facebook 食品广告对青少年饮食行为影响的机制：随机对照试验

• 批准号: 10188966
• 负责人: Marie Bragg
• 金额: $ 49.9万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10188966
• 关键词: 12 year old; 17 year old; Academy; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adopted; Adult; Advertisements; Advertising; Affect; Age; Behavior; Beverages; Biological; Calories; Cancer Prevention Intervention; Child; Colon Carcinoma; Communication; Communication Tools; Computers; Consumption; Data; Diet; Diet Habits; Eating Behavior; Ecosystem; Energy Intake; Expenditure; Exposure to; Face; Facebook; Food; Future; Health; Hour; Household; Income; Intake; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Link; Low income; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of liver; Medicine; Mission; National Cancer Institute; Nucleus Accumbens; Nutritional; Obesity; Overweight; Patient Self-Report; Persons; Policies; Prevalence; Public Health; Race; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Reaction; Renal carcinoma; Reporting; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Surveys; Techniques; Technology; Television; Testing; Time; Unhealthy Diet; United States; Update; Visual attention; Weight; Weight Gain; Work; Youth; base; cancer prevention; critical period; dietary; experimental study; frontier; high risk; improved; innovation; laboratory experiment; novel; overweight child; peer; preference; prevent; primary outcome; privacy protection; psychologic; relating to nervous system; secondary outcome; social media; therapy development; tool; tv watching; visual tracking; willingness

Project Summary Poor diet and excess weight during adolescence predicts excess weight and diet-related cancers during adulthood, yet there is little research on the risk factors that contribute to weight gain among adolescents. The National Academy of Medicine identifies exposure to food advertisements (ads) as a major predictor of poor diet among children (<12 years of age) because studies have shown that children who are exposed to food ads consume more calories than children who are exposed to non-food ads. The few food ad studies that have included adolescents (13–17 years of age) found associations between self-reported exposure to television (TV) food ads and poor diet, but we do not know which mechanisms explain this relationship. It is also well established that food companies promote their least healthy products to Black consumers more than White consumers and perceive Black youth as trendsetters. But it is not known whether seeing racially congruent ads (i.e., the person in the ad and the viewer are the same race) places Black adolescents at higher risk of poor diet relative to Whites. Finally, most food ad research is based on TV ads, but food companies are increasingly targeting adolescents on social media. And no social media food ad studies have focused on racially targeted ads. Addressing these gaps is important because adolescence is a critical period for adopting nutritious eating habits that can prevent future diet-related cancers. The overall objective of our three studies is to identify the extent to which exposure to Facebook food ads increases the number of calories purchased and consumed by Black and White adolescents. Guided by strong preliminary data, we will test three aims: 1) To evaluate the extent to which exposure to racially congruent vs. incongruent Facebook food ads causes Black vs. White adolescents to purchase more calories for a snack; 2) To determine the extent to which exposure to many vs. few “likes” on Facebook food ads causes Black and White adolescents to purchase more calories for a snack; and 3) To test the degree to which visual attention to unhealthy foods, racially congruent people, and/or “likes” in Facebook ads explains the relationship between ad exposure and calorie intake. To address the first and second aims, we will conduct two randomized online experiments. Under the third aim, we will conduct a within-subjects lab study using eye-tracking technology. We hypothesize that exposure to racially congruent Facebook food ads will increase the number of calories purchased and consumed by adolescents. We also predict that Black adolescents who attend to Black people in food ads will consume more calories than those who attend to other ad features. This innovative work will examine actual purchases and caloric intake; use novel tools (e.g., Facebook “reaction” buttons) to examine ad preferences; and use a state-of-the-art eye-tracking computer with discreet cameras. The proposed research will increase our mechanistic knowledge of communication tools that influence adolescents' dietary behaviors and could inform cancer prevention interventions that aim to improve adolescents' diets using effective ad techniques.

项目概要 青春期期间不良饮食和体重过重预示着青春期体重过重和与饮食相关的癌症 成年期，但对导致青少年体重增加的危险因素的研究却很少。这 美国国家医学院将接触食品广告 (ad) 确定为不良饮食的主要预测因素 儿童（<12 岁）中，因为研究表明接触食品广告的儿童 比接触非食品广告的孩子消耗更多的卡路里。为数不多的食品广告研究 包括青少年（13-17 岁）在内的研究发现，自我报告的电视接触率之间存在关联 食品广告和不良饮食习惯有关，但我们不知道哪种机制可以解释这种关系。也是颇有建树 食品公司向黑人消费者推销最不健康的产品多于白人消费者， 认为黑人青年是潮流引领者。但尚不清楚是否会看到种族一致的广告（即该人 广告中的人和观众是同一种族）使黑人青少年相对于白人面临更高的不良饮食风险。 最后，大多数食品广告研究都是基于电视广告，但食品公司越来越多地针对青少年 在社交媒体上。并且没有社交媒体食品广告研究关注针对种族的广告。解决这些问题 差距很重要，因为青春期是养成营养饮食习惯的关键时期，可以预防 未来与饮食相关的癌症。我们三项研究的总体目标是确定暴露于 Facebook 食品广告增加了黑人和白人青少年购买和消耗的卡路里数量。 在强有力的初步数据的指导下，我们将测试三个目标：1）评估种族歧视的程度 一致与不一致的 Facebook 食品广告会导致黑人青少年与白人青少年购买更多卡路里 小吃; 2) 确定 Facebook 食品广告上的“点赞”多与少会在多大程度上导致黑人和青少年 白人青少年购买更多卡路里的零食； 3) 测试视觉注意力的程度 Facebook 广告中的不健康食品、种族一致的人和/或“点赞”解释了广告之间的关系 暴露和卡路里摄入量。为了解决第一个和第二个目标，我们将进行两次随机在线 实验。在第三个目标下，我们将利用眼动追踪技术进行受试者内部实验室研究。我们 假设接触种族一致的 Facebook 食品广告会增加卡路里含量 青少年购买和消费。我们还预测，照顾黑人的黑人青少年 食品广告中的人会比那些关注其他广告功能的人消耗更多的卡路里。这项创新工作将 检查实际购买量和热量摄入量；使用新颖的工具（例如 Facebook“反应”按钮）来检查广告 偏好；并使用带有隐蔽摄像头的最先进的眼球追踪计算机。拟议的研究 将增加我们对影响青少年饮食行为的沟通工具的机械知识 可以为旨在利用有效的广告技术改善青少年饮食的癌症预防干预措施提供信息。