Effects of learning on multi-sensory integration in primary sensory cortical areas

学习对初级感觉皮层区域多感觉统合的影响

• 批准号: 9470368
• 负责人: Daniel Kato
• 金额: $ 4.4万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-30 至 2019-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9470368
• 关键词: Amblyopia; Area; Auditory Evoked Potentials; Auditory area; Binding; Blindness; Brain; Calcium; Childhood; Data; Discrimination; Exhibits; Future; Goals; Image; Judgment; Learning; Literature; Mediating; Modality; Mus; Neurons; Noise; Operative Surgical Procedures; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Phonation; Population; Primates; Process; Property; Psychological reinforcement; Psychophysics; Punishment; Rewards; Rodent; Role; Sensory; Somatosensory Cortex; Stimulus; Stream; Tactile; Telephone; Testing; Theoretical Studies; Touch sensation; Vibrissae; Vision; Visual; Water; Work; auditory stimulus; awake; blind; experience; experimental study; information processing; multisensory; network models; neural circuit; paired stimuli; relating to nervous system; response; simulation; somatosensory; sound; statistics; two-photon; visual stimulus

ABSTRACT Integrating information from different senses is critical to navigating the world around us. Many everyday tasks, like reaching for a ringing phone, require attributing features from different senses to the same object, and psychophysical studies show that a variety of species, including both primates and rodents, optimally combine information from different senses in the face of noise. How the brain achieves these feats remains to be understood. Primary sensory cortical areas, which represent the first stage of cortical information processing, have long been considered uni-sensory. An emerging alternative view, however, holds that even primary sensory cortical areas participate in multi-sensory integration. Recent work has shown that a variety of multi-sensory interactions occur even in primary sensory cortical areas, and theoretical studies suggest that networks of reciprocally-connected sensory areas may be useful for performing certain multi-sensory computations. The empirical literature, however, has thus far ignored the role of learning in multi-sensory integration in primary sensory cortical areas, which theoretical studies suggest may be critical. The goal of this proposal is to determine the effect of learning on multi-sensory interactions in primary sensory cortical areas. We will first test the hypothesis that mere experience of cross-sensory statistics modifies multi-sensory responses in primary sensory cortical areas. To test this hypothesis, 2-photon calcium imaging will be used to record neural responses to a panel of somatosensory and auditory stimuli in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of awake mice. One auditory stimulus will then be repeatedly paired with one whisker stimulus over the course of several days, after which responses to the full panel of stimuli will be recorded again. In particular, repeated pairing may cause S1 responses to the paired tone to more closely resemble S1 responses to the paired whisker stimulus. We will also test the hypothesis that repeated pairing of stimuli of different sensory modalities has an enhanced effect on multi-sensory activty in primary sensory cortical areas when the paired stimuli predict reward. These experiments will expand our understanding of how the brain performs multi-sensory integration and contribute to a significant revision of the traditional view of primary sensory areas as as discrete, parallel modules responsible for a single sense modality each, instead expanding our understanding of how primary sensory areas across the brain can coordinate closely to perform certain computations as a whole.

抽象的 整合来自不同感官的信息对于驾驭我们周围的世界至关重要。许多 日常任务，例如伸手去拿响铃的电话，需要将不同感官的特征归因于相同的感官 物体和心理物理学研究表明，包括灵长类动物和啮齿类动物在内的多种物种， 面对噪音时，以最佳方式组合来自不同感官的信息。大脑如何实现这些壮举 仍有待理解。 初级感觉皮层区域代表皮层信息处理的第一阶段， 长期以来被认为是单一感觉的。然而，一种新兴的替代观点认为，即使是初级感官 皮质区域参与多感觉统合。最近的研究表明，多种多感官 相互作用甚至发生在初级感觉皮层区域，理论研究表明， 相互连接的感官区域可能有助于执行某些多感官计算。 然而，实证文献迄今为止忽视了学习在多感官整合中的作用。 主要感觉皮层区域，理论研究表明这可能至关重要。该提案的目标是 确定学习对初级感觉皮层区域多感觉相互作用的影响。我们将首先测试 假设仅仅跨感官统计的经验就可以改变初级阶段的多感官反应 感觉皮层区域。为了验证这一假设，将使用 2 光子钙成像来记录神经元 清醒时初级体感皮层 (S1) 对一组体感和听觉刺激的反应 老鼠。然后，在几个过程中，一种听觉刺激将与一种胡须刺激重复配对 天，之后将再次记录对整组刺激的反应。特别是重复配对 可能会导致 S1 对配对音调的反应更类似于 S1 对配对胡须的反应 刺激。我们还将检验以下假设：不同感觉方式的刺激重复配对具有 当配对刺激预测时，对初级感觉皮层区域的多感觉活动的影响增强 报酬。 这些实验将扩大我们对大脑如何进行多感官整合的理解 并有助于对主要感觉区域作为离散的、平行的传统观点的重大修正 每个模块负责一种单一的感觉模式，而不是扩展我们对初级如何理解 整个大脑的感觉区域可以紧密协调以整体执行某些计算。