Role of optical aberrations in 3D space perception: Implications for Keratoconus

光学像差在 3D 空间感知中的作用：对圆锥角膜的影响

• 批准号: 9306100
• 负责人: Sangeetha Metlapally
• 金额: $ 15.58万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9306100
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anisometropia; Astigmatism; Binocular Vision; Child Rearing; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Management; Coma; Computing Methodologies; Contact Lenses; Cornea; Custom; Data; Degenerative Disorder; Depth Perception; Dimensions; Disease; Drops; Equilibrium; Eye; Eyeglasses; Goals; Impairment; Individual; K-Series Research Career Programs; Keratoconus; Keratoplasty; Knowledge; Laser In Situ Keratomileusis; Laws; Lead; Measures; Mentors; Myopia; Noise; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Pathological Dilatation; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Population; Quality of life; Research; Role; Scientist; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Space Perception; Stimulus; Surface; Thinness; Translating; Vision; Visual; Visual Acuity; Work; clinical practice; design; experience; improved; innovation; lens; monocular; novel; programs; public health relevance; research clinical testing; socioeconomics; spatial vision; stereoscopic; tool; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The following is a summary of Dr. Sangeetha Metlapally's Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Award (K23) application. Keratoconus is a progressive, degenerative condition characterized by corneal thinning and steepening, leading to increased optical aberrations. The socio-economic liability and impact on the quality of life of visual deficits in this condition is disproportionate, affecting predominanty young adults during prime earning and child-rearing years. Increased magnitudes of optical higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and inter- ocular asymmetries in the aberrations are common, and could potentially lead to problems with binocular space perception, which is not well understood in this subject population. Current clinical management paradigms concentrate heavily on maximizing monocular high-contrast visual acuities, which do not address losses in stereoscopic depth perception, as seen in our preliminary data. The planned research program addresses the issue of irregular corneal optics leading to impaired binocular space perception in keratoconus or post-LASIK. The results may apply to the qualitatively similar effects of irregular optics on vision due to aberrations in other conditions like pellucid marginal degeneration, post-LASIK keratectasias or following corneal transplants. There are three independent optical factors that could contribute to the loss of stereoscopic depth perception. Inter-ocular asymmetries in lower-order aberrations (LOAs) and HOAs could cause inter-ocular contrast differences reducing stereo-acuity. Further, aniseikonia, due to refractive anisometropia corrected with spectacles, would produce distortions of perceived space and interfere with stereopsis. Thirdly inter-ocular phase differences produced by aberrations could produce false-binocular matches that would lower the strength of disparity signals for stereo-depth. We hypothesize, therefore, that some or all of the above, resulting from increased aberrations and inter-ocular optical asymmetries can lead to loss of stereoscopic depth perception and distortions in the three dimensional perception of space. Our goal is to compare performance with contact lens corrections, which minimize the contribution of HOAs, and spectacle lens corrections, by way of investigating the influence of disease-related or surgically-induced HOAs on stereo-depth perception. The proposed research is novel and innovative as it uses powerful, validated tools to collect and analyze optical wave front data and examines the yet unknown effects of irregular optics on binocular space perception. We hope that the proposed aims will lead to a better understanding of the inter-relationships between irregular optics and binocular vision, and directly translate to optical or other management strategies in the clinic that will better serve to improve spatial vision in individuals with keratoconus or irregular corneal optics.

描述（由申请人提供）：以下是Sangeetha Metlapally博士指导临床科学家研究职业发展奖（K23）申请的摘要。圆锥角膜是一种进行性退行性疾病，其特征是角膜变薄和变陡，导致光学像差增加。在这种情况下，视力缺陷的社会经济责任和对生活质量的影响是不成比例的，主要影响到处于主要收入和养育子女年龄的年轻人。光学高阶像差（HOA）和像差中的眼间不对称性的增加的幅度是常见的，并且可能潜在地导致双眼空间感知的问题，这在该受试者群体中不是很好地理解。目前的临床管理模式主要集中在最大限度地提高单眼高对比度视力，这并没有解决立体深度感知的损失，如我们的初步数据所示。计划中的研究项目解决了圆锥角膜或LASIK术后导致双眼空间感知受损的不规则角膜光学问题。结果可能适用于定性相似的影响，不规则的光学视力由于像差在其他条件下，如透明边缘变性，LASIK术后角膜扩张或角膜移植。有三个独立的光学因素可能导致立体深度感知的损失。低阶像差（LOA）和HOA中的眼间不对称可能导致眼间对比度差异，从而降低立体视敏度。此外，由于屈光性屈光参差而用眼镜矫正的不等像会产生感知空间的扭曲并干扰立体视觉。第三，由像差产生的眼间相位差会产生虚假的双眼匹配，这会降低用于立体深度的视差信号的强度。因此，我们假设，由增加的像差和眼间光学不对称引起的上述中的一些或全部可以导致立体深度感知的损失和空间的三维感知的失真。我们的目标是比较性能与接触透镜校正，最大限度地减少HOA的贡献，和眼镜透镜校正，通过调查的影响，疾病相关的或手术引起的HOA立体深度知觉。这项研究是新颖和创新的，因为它使用强大的，经过验证的工具来收集和分析光学波前数据，并检查不规则光学对双目空间感知的未知影响。我们希望提出的目标将导致更好地理解不规则光学和双眼视觉之间的相互关系，并直接转化为临床中的光学或其他管理策略，从而更好地改善圆锥角膜或不规则角膜光学个体的空间视觉。