Role of optical aberrations in 3D space perception: Implications for Keratoconus

光学像差在 3D 空间感知中的作用：对圆锥角膜的影响

• 批准号: 9096822
• 负责人: Sangeetha Metlapally
• 金额: $ 15.58万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9096822
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anisometropia; Astigmatism; Binocular Vision; Child Rearing; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Management; Coma; Computing Methodologies; Contact Lenses; Cornea; Data; Degenerative Disorder; Depth Perception; Disease; Drops; Equilibrium; Eye; Eyeglasses; Goals; Health; Individual; K-Series Research Career Programs; Keratoconus; Keratoplasty; Knowledge; Laser In Situ Keratomileusis; Laws; Lead; Measures; Mentors; Myopia; Noise; Optics; Pathological Dilatation; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Population; Process; Quality of life; Research; Role; Scientist; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Space Perception; Stimulus; Surface; Translating; Vision; Visual; Visual Acuity; Work; clinical practice; design; experience; improved; innovation; lens; monocular; novel; programs; research clinical testing; socioeconomics; spatial vision; stereoscopic; tool; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The following is a summary of Dr. Sangeetha Metlapally's Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Award (K23) application. Keratoconus is a progressive, degenerative condition characterized by corneal thinning and steepening, leading to increased optical aberrations. The socio-economic liability and impact on the quality of life of visual deficits in this condition is disproportionate, affecting predominanty young adults during prime earning and child-rearing years. Increased magnitudes of optical higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and inter- ocular asymmetries in the aberrations are common, and could potentially lead to problems with binocular space perception, which is not well understood in this subject population. Current clinical management paradigms concentrate heavily on maximizing monocular high-contrast visual acuities, which do not address losses in stereoscopic depth perception, as seen in our preliminary data. The planned research program addresses the issue of irregular corneal optics leading to impaired binocular space perception in keratoconus or post-LASIK. The results may apply to the qualitatively similar effects of irregular optics on vision due to aberrations in other conditions like pellucid marginal degeneration, post-LASIK keratectasias or following corneal transplants. There are three independent optical factors that could contribute to the loss of stereoscopic depth perception. Inter-ocular asymmetries in lower-order aberrations (LOAs) and HOAs could cause inter-ocular contrast differences reducing stereo-acuity. Further, aniseikonia, due to refractive anisometropia corrected with spectacles, would produce distortions of perceived space and interfere with stereopsis. Thirdly inter-ocular phase differences produced by aberrations could produce false-binocular matches that would lower the strength of disparity signals for stereo-depth. We hypothesize, therefore, that some or all of the above, resulting from increased aberrations and inter-ocular optical asymmetries can lead to loss of stereoscopic depth perception and distortions in the three dimensional perception of space. Our goal is to compare performance with contact lens corrections, which minimize the contribution of HOAs, and spectacle lens corrections, by way of investigating the influence of disease-related or surgically-induced HOAs on stereo-depth perception. The proposed research is novel and innovative as it uses powerful, validated tools to collect and analyze optical wave front data and examines the yet unknown effects of irregular optics on binocular space perception. We hope that the proposed aims will lead to a better understanding of the inter-relationships between irregular optics and binocular vision, and directly translate to optical or other management strategies in the clinic that will better serve to improve spatial vision in individuals with keratoconus or irregular corneal optics.

描述（由申请人提供）： 以下是 Sangeetha Metlapally 博士的指导临床科学家研究职业发展奖 (K23) 申请摘要。圆锥角膜是一种进行性退行性疾病，其特征是角膜变薄和变陡，导致光学像差增加。在这种情况下，视力缺陷所造成的社会经济责任和对生活质量的影响是不成比例的，影响了主要收入和抚养孩子的年轻人。光学高阶像差（HOA）幅度的增加和像差中眼间不对称的现象很常见，并且可能会导致双眼空间感知问题，而这一问题在该受试者群体中尚未得到很好的理解。当前的临床管理范式主要集中于最大化单眼高对比度视力，这并没有解决立体深度知觉的损失，如我们的初步数据所示。计划中的研究项目解决了圆锥角膜或 LASIK 术后角膜光学不规则导致双眼空间知觉受损的问题。该结果可能适用于由于透明边缘变性、LASIK 术后角膜扩张或角膜移植后等其他情况下的像差而导致的不规则光学对视力的类似影响。三个独立的光学因素可能会导致立体深度感知的损失。低阶像差 (LOA) 和 HOA 中的眼间不对称可能会导致眼间对比度差异，从而降低立体视敏度。此外，由于用眼镜矫正的屈光参差不齐，会产生感知空间的扭曲并干扰立体视觉。第三，像差产生的眼间相位差可能产生错误的双眼匹配，从而降低立体深度的视差信号的强度。因此，我们假设，由增加的像差和眼间光学不对称性引起的上述部分或全部可能导致立体深度感知的损失和空间三维感知的扭曲。我们的目标是通过研究疾病相关或手术引起的 HOA 对立体深度感知的影响，将性能与隐形眼镜矫正（最大限度地减少 HOA 的影响）和眼镜镜片矫正进行比较。拟议的研究是新颖和创新的，因为它使用强大的、经过验证的工具来收集和分析光波前数据，并检查不规则光学对双目空间感知的未知影响。我们希望所提出的目标将有助于更好地理解不规则光学和双眼视觉之间的相互关系，并直接转化为临床中的光学或其他管理策略，从而更好地改善圆锥角膜或不规则角膜光学个体的空间视力。