Project 2: Rapid Case Ascertainment as a Tool for Epidemiologic Investigation and Efficient Linkage to Care in HIV-infected Patients Diagnosed with Kaposi Sarcoma in East Africa

项目 2：快速病例查明作为东非诊断为卡波西肉瘤的艾滋病毒感染者的流行病学调查和有效护理联系的工具

• 批准号: 10215463
• 负责人: AGGREY SEMWENDERO SEMEERE
• 金额: $ 22.33万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-13 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10215463
• 关键词: AIDS related cancer; Address; Adult; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Algorithms; Biological; Biological Markers; Biopsy; CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes; Caring; Cell Count; Cervical dysplasia; Cessation of life; Clinic; Collection; Control Groups; Coupled; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Digital Photography; Disease; Early Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Funding; Geographic Locations; Goals; Guidelines; HIV; HIV Infections; Human Herpesvirus 8; Image; Incidence; Institution; Intervention; Kaposi Sarcoma; Kenya; Leadership; Link; Localized Malignant Neoplasm; Malignant - descriptor; Malignant Neoplasms; Measurement; Mediating; Mentorship; Monitor; National Comprehensive Cancer Network; Newly Diagnosed; Outcome; Participant; Pathogenesis; Patient imaging; Patients; Persons; Plasma; Prevention; Process; RNA; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Resources; Role; Scientist; Services; Skin; Tanzania; Techniques; Testing; Time; Uganda; United States; advanced disease; antiretroviral therapy; base; cancer care; career development; chemotherapy; clinically relevant; deep learning algorithm; epidemiology study; experience; follow-up; immune activation; improved; novel; novel strategies; oncology service; rapid diagnosis; skin lesion; systemic inflammatory response; tool; virology; virus related cancer

Among malignant complications of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa, one of the most common cancers in the pre-ART era — Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) — continues to be amongst the most common in the ART era. With continued incidence of KS in Africa comes both new questions and others that are still not yet resolved. In the last 4 years in Uganda and Kenya during the course of U54 CA190153, we have documented two disturbing (and related) findings: advanced stage of disease at time of KS diagnosis and poor survival. With recent “Treat All” (for ART) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN, for chemotherapy) guidelines now in place, will these outcomes change? A long-standing question is why does KS occur in HIV infection? Low CD4+ T cell count and high plasma HIV RNA are known determinants in untreated HIV infection, but these are neither necessary nor sufficient for KS. In the realm of diagnosis, delays in diagnosis have many manifestations. Thus, can KS diagnosis be more rapid? Finally, can simple interventions that help patients diagnosed with KS navigate to cancer care improve survival? Addressing each of the above questions has one common requirement  swift access to patients recently diagnosed with KS. During the course of U54 CA190153, we implemented, to our knowledge, the first use of rapid case ascertainment (RCA) for cancer in Africa when we studied KS. RCA rapidly identifies persons recently diagnosed with a condition and performs detailed measurements prior to change in disease, death or loss to follow-up. Our overall objective in the current proposal is to use RCA to answer relevant clinical, epidemiologic and translational questions about KS in the ART era. Our Aims are to: Aim 1: Monitor critical epidemiologic parameters of KS in the ART era among HIV-infected adults in East Africa, specifically stage of disease at time of KS diagnosis and survival. Aim 2: Evaluate biologic determinants of incident KS in both ART-untreated HIV-infected patients as well as those with ART-mediated virologic suppression. Aim 3: Assess the predictive accuracy of digital photography of skin lesions, coupled with deep learning algorithms, to distinguish KS from non-KS mimickers. Aim 4: Determine the impact of “patient navigation”, intended to enhance linkage to oncologic care in persons diagnosed with KS, on improving survival after KS diagnosis. To address these aims, we will leverage skin biopsy services in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania and the field experience we have gained in U54 CA190153 to perform RCA on all patients with newly diagnosed KS as well as a well-conceived and novel “test negative” control group. Findings will inform efforts aimed at controlling KS; improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of KS in the ART era; and evaluate novel strategies for KS diagnosis and linkage of patients newly diagnosed with KS to cancer care.

在撒哈拉以南非洲地区艾滋病毒感染的恶性并发症中，最常见的癌症之一是艾滋病