The investigation of alcohol's effects on threat sensitivity in social context: An event-related potential study.

摘要 酒精缓解压力的能力在理论上代表了发展的核心潜在因素 酒精使用障碍（AUD）值得注意的是，进行人类酒精管理研究的研究人员 经常面临着机械精确性和生态有效性之间的妥协。研究采用 相对精确、客观的测量方法，如功能性磁共振成像，往往很难将现实世界的关键要素纳入其中。 饮用环境（例如，社会环境），而在相对丰富的生态有效环境中进行的研究可能 成果评估有限，主要依靠自我报告。因此，这是一个正在进行的 进行既能提供机械精度又能整合真实的关键要素的研究的挑战- 世界杯的背景拟议的研究旨在确定一种模式， 这种平衡，使用新的酒精管理方法整合电生理措施的威胁， 敏感性以及体内社会背景。根据国家心理健康研究所的既定目标， 研究领域标准（RDoC）项目，拟议的研究将衡量错误相关的消极性 （ERN）-RDoC的负价系统域中持续威胁/压力的生物标志物-在一个 社会背景更具体地说，这项研究将评估酒精对ERN的影响如何不同， 个体水平（例如，焦虑、压力）和组水平（例如，社会熟悉度）因素。拟议研究 将是对我的申办者正在进行的资助研究的独特贡献，一旦完成，将代表 迄今为止进行的更大规模的酒精管理研究。200名（一半为女性）社交饮酒者，年龄 21-30人将被分成100个由陌生人或朋友组成的二元组。每组将随机 被分配饮用中等剂量的酒精或非酒精对照饮料，他们将 允许自由互动。在饮酒阶段之后，参与者的ERN将在他们表演时进行测量 侧卫任务中的另一个参与者（陌生人或朋友）在场的二元体。自我- 报告的特质焦虑也将被评估。拟议的研究是创新的，因为据我们所知， 第一次酒精管理研究，将ERN的测量与操作结合起来， 社会背景，以研究酒精对威胁敏感性的影响。该项目的资金将 提供大量的培训，以一个新兴的博士前研究人员在道德，先进的研究方法， 量化方法和职业发展。总的来说，这个项目将阐明酒精和社会 环境可能会影响个人对威胁的敏感性，这对预防和干预有影响， 酗酒问题具体来说，目前的研究可能有几个重要的概念和临床 影响，包括理解澳元脆弱性的机制，识别个人， AUD风险，改善以预防为中心的减少伤害和以预防为重点的干预措施，以及 改善对接受治疗者高风险复发环境的理解。

Abstract Alcohol’s ability to alleviate stress is theorized to represent a core underlying factor in the development of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Of note, researchers conducting human alcohol administration studies are often faced with a compromise between mechanistic precision and ecological validity. Studies employing relatively precise, objective measures such as fMRI often struggle to incorporate key elements of real-world drinking contexts (e.g., social settings), while studies conducted in relatively rich ecologically valid settings may be limited in terms of outcome assessments, relying mainly on self-reports. Therefore, it is an ongoing challenge to conduct research that offers both mechanistic precision and also integrates key elements of real- world drinking contexts. The proposed study aims to move towards the identification of a paradigm that strikes this balance, using novel alcohol administration methods integrating electrophysiological measures of threat sensitivity as well as in-vivo social context. In line with the National Institute of Mental Health’s stated goal for the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project, the proposed study will measure the error-related negativity (ERN)—a biomarker of sustained threat/stress in RDoC’s Negative Valence Systems domain—that is found in a social context. More specifically, this study will assess how alcohol’s effects on the ERN may differ based on individual-level (e.g., anxiety, stress) and group-level (e.g., social familiarity) factors. The proposed research will be a unique contribution to my sponsor’s ongoing funded study that, once completed, will represent one of the larger alcohol administration studies conducted to date. Two hundred (half female) social drinkers aged 21–30 will be grouped into 100 dyad groups of either strangers or friends. Each group will be randomly assigned to drink either a moderate dose of alcohol or a non-alcoholic control beverage, and they will be allowed to interact freely. After the drinking period, participants’ ERNs will be measured while they perform the Flanker task in the presence of the other participant (either a stranger or a friend) in the dyad. Self- reported trait anxiety will also be assessed. The proposed study is innovative in that it is, to our knowledge, the first alcohol administration study to incorporate the measurement of ERN together with a manipulation of social context in order to examine the impact of alcohol on sensitivity to threat. The funding of this project will provide substantial training to an emerging predoctoral researcher in ethics, advanced approaches to research, quantitative methods, and career development. Overall, this project will shed light on how alcohol and social context may influence individuals’ threat sensitivity, with implications for prevention and intervention for problematic drinking. Specifically, the current study could have several important conceptual and clinical implications, including for understanding mechanisms underlying AUD vulnerability, identifying individuals at risk for AUD, improving reinforcement-centered harm reduction and prevention-focused interventions, and refining the understanding of high-risk relapse settings for those in treatment.