Dynamic processing of sound in auditory cortex

听觉皮层声音的动态处理

• 批准号: 10358612
• 负责人: PATRICK O KANOLD
• 金额: $ 51.38万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10358612
• 关键词: Acoustics; Aging; Animals; Area; Attention; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory area; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cells; Central Auditory Processing Disorder; Cochlear Implants; Complex; Computer Analysis; Detection; Discrimination; Disease; Dyslexia; Environment; Etiology; Genetic; Goals; Hearing Aids; Image; Individual; Label; Language; Measures; Motor; Mus; Nature; Neurons; Noise; Optics; Output; Pathway interactions; Perception; Performance; Play; Population; Population Control; Prefrontal Cortex; Property; Recording of previous events; Research; Response to stimulus physiology; Schizophrenia; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Structure; Symptoms; Task Performances; Testing; Thalamic structure; Tinnitus; Work; auditory stimulus; awake; behavior change; behavior influence; cognitive control; design; experimental study; frontal lobe; improved; in vivo; nervous system disorder; normal hearing; optogenetics; preference; receptive field; recruit; relating to nervous system; response; sensory input; signal processing; sound; two-photon; vocalization

Project Summary: The perception of speech and language requires normal functioning of the auditory cortex (ACX). How ACX does this critically depends on the coordinated activity of populations of neurons: both across the cortex and throughout its multi-layered structure. The primary auditory cortex (A1) plays a key role for sound perception since it represents one of the first cortical processing stations. Recent results have shown that neural activity of A1 neurons depend not only on auditory stimuli themselves, but are influenced by the history of sounds, internal state, and behavioral context of the animal. For example, the selectivity of individual A1 neurons can rapidly and adaptively be reshaped when an animal is engaged in a behavioral task, or when listening conditions become more challenging. However, behaviorally relevant information is encoded in populations of neurons but to date it is not understood how behavioral influences shape the activity across A1 neural populations, and how the resulting population activity relates to task performance. Here we determine how sounds are dynamically encoded in diverse cell populations during behavior and the changing nature of their cellular interactions within and across A1 layers. By using in vivo 2-photon imaging in behaving mice we will determine the functional responses to complex stimuli in identified large populations of A1 neurons, how these neurons interact, reconstruct the functional networks present with A1, and shared external influences on these A1 networks. We then investigate how A1 networks change their responses and functional interactions during auditory behaviors of varying task difficulty. Thus, we determine how network changes depend on the identify and the difficulty of a task. Together, these experiments will reveal how A1 networks are dynamically reconfigured depending on the behavioral needs of the animal. Our prior work identified a region of the frontal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), as a source of inputs to A1 that can change A1 receptive fields. We thus investigate how OFC projections are engaged during auditory behaviors and if manipulating OFC projections to A1 will alter behavioral performance. Our work contributes to the mechanistic understanding of the ability of normal-hearing listeners to navigate complex or noisy acoustic environments and shift their attention between different sound sources. Thus, our work contributes to the understanding of diverse conditions such as tinnitus, aging, dyslexia, central auditory processing disorder (CAPD).

项目概要： 言语和语言的感知需要听觉皮层的正常功能 （ACX）。 ACX 如何做到这一点关键取决于群体的协调活动 神经元：横跨皮层和整个多层结构。初级听觉 皮质 (A1) 对声音感知起着关键作用，因为它代表了最早的皮质之一 加工站。最近的结果表明 A1 神经元的神经活动不依赖于 仅受听觉刺激本身影响，但受声音历史、内部状态、 和动物的行为背景。例如，单个 A1 神经元的选择性可以 当动物从事行为任务时，或者当 聆听条件变得更具挑战性。然而，行为相关信息是 编码在神经元群体中，但迄今为止尚不清楚行为如何影响 塑造 A1 神经群体的活动，以及由此产生的群体活动如何相互关联 到任务绩效。在这里，我们确定声音如何在不同的细胞中动态编码 群体的行为及其内部细胞相互作用的性质变化 跨越A1层。 通过在行为小鼠中使用体内 2 光子成像，我们将确定功能 已识别的大量 A1 神经元对复杂刺激的反应，这些神经元如何 交互，重建与 A1 存在的功能网络，并共享外部影响 这些 A1 网络。然后我们研究 A1 网络如何改变他们的反应 不同任务难度的听觉行为期间的功能相互作用。因此，我们确定 网络如何变化取决于任务的名称和难度。在一起，这些 实验将揭示 A1 网络如何根据 动物的行为需求。我们之前的工作确定了额叶皮层的一个区域，即 眶额皮层 (OFC)，作为 A1 的输入源，可以改变 A1 感受野。我们 因此研究 OFC 投射在听觉行为过程中是如何参与的，以及是否 操纵 OFC 对 A1 的预测将改变行为表现。 我们的工作有助于从机制上理解正常听力的能力 听众能够驾驭复杂或嘈杂的声学环境，并在不同的环境之间转移注意力 不同的声源。因此，我们的工作有助于理解不同的条件 例如耳鸣、衰老、阅读障碍、中枢听觉处理障碍（CAPD）。