Ethical and Social Implications of In Vitro Gametogenesis

体外配子发生的伦理和社会意义

• 批准号: 10355697
• 负责人: Hannah Louise Landecker
• 金额: $ 23.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-21 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10355697
• 关键词: Address; Age; American; Attention; Attitude; Basic Science; Beneficence; Benefits and Risks; Bioethics; Bioethics Consultants; Biological; Biotechnology; Birth; CRISPR/Cas technology; Catalogs; Cells; Child; Clinical; Communication; Communities; Complement; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Data Collection; Development; Embryo; Embryo Research; Emerging Technologies; Equilibrium; Ethical Analysis; Ethical Issues; Ethics; Ethnography; Family; Fertility; Filiation; Focus Groups; Future; Gametogenesis; Generations; Genetic; Genomics; Germ Cells; Group Interviews; Health Personnel; Hearing Tests; Human; In Vitro; Individual; Industry; Infertility; Interview; Investigation; Justice; Laboratories; Laboratory Research; Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer; Medical; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Modification; Morals; Nonmaleficence; Oocytes; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Perception; Philosophy; Policy Maker; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Publications; Race; Reproduction; Reproductive Health; Reproductive Technology; Research; Research Ethics; Research Personnel; Rights; Risk; Same-sex; Science; Scientist; Site; Skin; Social Impacts; Social Sciences; Societies; Somatic Cell; Techniques; Technology; Time; assisted reproduction; design; egg; ethical legal social implication; expectation; experience; gender diversity; induced pluripotent stem cell; infertility treatment; innovation; insight; interest; involuntary childlessness; meetings; mouse model; new technology; novel; offspring; pluripotency; precursor cell; progenitor; recruit; reproductive; response; same-sex partnership; science and society; sex; social; social implication; sperm cell; stem cell technology; stem cells; success; symposium; tool; transgender; uptake

Project Summary This project concerns the ethical and social implications of the novel technology of in vitro gametogenesis (IVG). IVG involves generation of gametes outside of the body from stalled gamete precursor cells, or from somatic cells made into egg or sperm cells using induced pluripotent stem cell techniques. Mouse models have provided proof of concept, suggesting that in the future IVG may be successful in humans. In addition to its promise for basic research, IVG represents a potential major innovation in the field of assisted reproduction. In particular, the technique may benefit infertile individuals lacking healthy gametes, and same-sex couples and transgender individuals seeking to form a family without depending on donor gametes. By dramatically expanding possibilities for human reproduction, IVG stands to profoundly transform definitions of family, inheritance, parenthood and filiation, with both symbolic and concrete consequences. Anticipatory investigation of IVG’s multifarious ethical and social implications is warranted now, prior to the attainment of the technique’s feasibility for human use. IVG would require the controversial step of creating and culturing human embryos in the laboratory for research purposes, and is thus an issue of research ethics. Its use as a reproductive technology poses ethical dilemmas tied to the requirement to fairly balance parents and children’s interests, equity of access, and the extensive use of genomic technologies. Novel forms of reproductive labor and family- making will present new social challenges to families, communities, and policy-makers. While scientists and bioethicists have begun to initiate conversations around the ethics and social impact of IVG, data on stakeholder views is scant. The proposed project addresses this gap, eliciting and analyzing perceptions and attitudes of IVG researchers and potential future users of IVG for reproductive purposes. It will be the first empirical study to systematically address the ethical and social implications of IVG in American society. Importantly, the project team includes expertise in stem cell science, social science, and philosophy, facilitating success in achieving the following specific aims: First, we will assess the views of IVG researchers as to the field’s clinical, technological, social, and ethical implications via interviews and participant-observation. Second, we will examine the views, expectations, and moral concerns about IVG held by potential users, focusing on the populations of individuals experiencing infertility and LGBTQ+ individuals and communities. Third, we will perform an in-depth, normative analysis of the social and ethical issues identified in aims 1 and 2, using the tools of philosophical inquiry. This study responds to calls to explore and anticipate the social impact of biotechnologies. It will constitute a first step supporting public engagement and broad reflection on the implications of IVG, providing initial data important to further design of larger generalizable studies on the ethical, legal, and social implications of IVG.

项目概要 该项目涉及体外配子发生新技术的伦理和社会影响 （IVG）。 IVG 涉及在体外从停滞的配子前体细胞或从 使用诱导多能干细胞技术将体细胞转化为卵子或精子细胞。鼠标型号有 提供了概念证明，表明未来 IVG 可能会在人类身上取得成功。除了它的 IVG 代表了基础研究的承诺，代表了辅助生殖领域潜在的重大创新。在 特别是，该技术可能有益于缺乏健康配子的不孕个体以及同性伴侣和 寻求在不依赖供体配子的情况下组建家庭的跨性别者。戏剧性地 IVG 不断扩大人类繁衍的可能性，将深刻改变家庭的定义， 继承、父母身份和血缘关系，具有象征性和具体的后果。预期调查 在实现该技术的技术之前，现在有必要了解 IVG 的多种伦理和社会影响 人类使用的可行性。 IVG 需要在体内创建和培养人类胚胎这一有争议的步骤 实验室用于研究目的，因此是一个研究伦理问题。其用作生殖 技术带来了与公平平衡父母和孩子利益的要求相关的道德困境， 公平获取以及基因组技术的广泛使用。新形式的生殖劳动和家庭—— 制作将为家庭、社区和政策制定者带来新的社会挑战。虽然科学家和 生物伦理学家已经开始围绕 IVG 的伦理和社会影响展开对话，有关数据 利益相关者的意见很少。拟议的项目解决了这一差距，引发并分析了看法和 IVG 研究人员和未来以生殖为目的的 IVG 潜在使用者的态度。这将是第一个 系统地解决 IVG 在美国社会的伦理和社会影响的实证研究。 重要的是，该项目团队包括干细胞科学、社会科学和哲学方面的专业知识，促进 成功实现以下具体目标：首先，我们将评估 IVG 研究人员对于 通过访谈和参与者观察了解该领域的临床、技术、社会和伦理影响。第二， 我们将考察潜在用户对 IVG 的看法、期望和道德担忧，重点关注 患有不孕症的人群以及 LGBTQ+ 个人和社区。第三，我们将 使用以下方法对目标 1 和 2 中确定的社会和道德问题进行深入、规范的分析： 哲学探究的工具。这项研究响应了探索和预测社会影响的号召 生物技术。这将是支持公众参与和广泛反思的第一步 IVG 的影响，为进一步设计更大规模的可推广研究提供重要的初始数据 IVG 的伦理、法律和社会影响。