Suicidality in Young Children: Social and Cognitive Developmental Markers of Risk and Resiliency

幼儿自杀：风险和弹性的社会和认知发展标志

• 批准号: 10449539
• 负责人: LAURA HENNEFIELD
• 金额: $ 17.94万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-12 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10449539
• 关键词: 6 year old; 7 year old; Address; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Cessation of life; Child; Childhood; Choking; Clinical; Cognitive; Conceptions; Data; Depressed mood; Development; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Environment; Event-Related Potentials; Exhibits; Family Violence; Feeling hopeless; Feeling suicidal; Future; Impairment; Interview; Life; Link; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Mentors; Meta-Analysis; Motivation; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurosciences; Nursery Schools; Outcome; P300 Event-Related Potentials; Parents; Pathway interactions; Play; Prevention; Process; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Activity; Research Design; Research Priority; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk Marker; Role; School-Age Population; Science; Severities; Social Functioning; Specificity; Stimulus; Suicide; Suicide attempt; Symptoms; Techniques; Training; Training Activity; Victimization; Violence; Withdrawal; Work; Youth; bullying; conflict resolution; depressive symptoms; early childhood; early onset; expectation; modifiable risk; mortality; multidisciplinary; novel; novel strategies; optimism; peer; peer victimization; preventive intervention; programs; racial diversity; recruit; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; social; social culture; social relationships; socioeconomics; suicidal behavior; suicidal risk; suicide rate; theories; violence exposure

Project Summary Suicidality in children is a pressing and understudied public health concern. Rates of suicide in youth have tripled in recent years, yet little is known about the early emergence or development of suicidal ideation and behaviors (SI/SB). Suicidal ideation (e.g., wishing to be dead, expressing desire to kill oneself) and behaviors (e.g., choking oneself) have been identified as early as the preschool period in the context of early-onset depression. However, if and how suicidality presents in non-depressed young children is unknown. Importantly, early suicidality remains stable into school-age and confers risk for later psychopathology, suggesting lasting impact and continuity of this early manifestation. Consistent with the NIMH Strategic Objective 2, to “chart mental illness trajectories to determine when, where, and how to intervene,” the overarching aim of this K01 application is to understand the developmental contexts in which suicidality emerges in order to identify at-risk youth and to inform preventative intervention efforts. The proposed study will address a number of questions central to understanding the development of suicidality in early childhood including how SI/SB is expressed at this early age, the normative development of the understanding of suicide, if children with SI/SB exhibit lack of optimism and/or pessimism, and how children with SI/SB process peer acceptance and rejection. A variety of measures, including child interview and narrative approaches, behavioral tasks, and event related potentials (ERPs) will be administered to three groups of 4- to 7-year-olds from diverse racial and socioeconomic backgrounds: 1) children with a history of SI/SB, 2) children with or at risk for psychopathology but no history of SI/SB, and 3) low-risk healthy children. The inclusion of children with or at risk for psychopathology with no history of SI/SB will address the specificity of risk factors for suicidality relative to depressive symptoms and other forms of psychopathology. This approach has the potential to identify transdiagnostic risk-factors of suicidality in young children. The inclusion of low-risk healthy children will inform our understanding of typical and atypical trajectories of suicide understanding and provide guidance regarding how and when to address expressions of suicidality in childhood as a clinical concern. This will be the first study of children this young with SI/SB to be targeted for a study designed to investigate the developmental antecedents of risk and resilience for SI/SB. Suicide research and prevention is a high priority research area for NIMH and the described research and training activities will enable the candidate to develop an independent research program that addresses the rising rates of childhood suicidality. Specifically, the execution of the proposed project will provide the candidate with training and expertise in suicide research and prevention, child psychopathology, and ERP techniques. A rich training environment and a multidisciplinary team of mentors in each of these areas is detailed. Data from this project will be used in a planned R01 to more deeply investigate racial and/or sociocultural differences in risk factors and developmental trajectories of early- onset suicidality.

项目摘要 儿童自杀是一个紧迫的和未充分研究的公共卫生问题。年轻人自杀率增加了两倍 近年来，人们对自杀意念和行为的早期出现或发展知之甚少 (SI/SB）。自杀意念（例如，希望死亡，表达自杀的愿望）和行为（例如，窒息 早在学龄前阶段，在早发性抑郁症的背景下就已确定。然而，在这方面， 自杀倾向是否以及如何出现在非抑郁症儿童中尚不清楚。重要的是，早期自杀倾向仍然存在 稳定到学龄，并赋予以后的精神病理学风险，这表明这种持续的影响和连续性。 早期表现。与NIMH战略目标2一致，“绘制精神疾病轨迹， 确定何时、何地以及如何进行干预”，本K 01应用程序的首要目标是了解 自杀倾向出现的发展背景，以识别有风险的青年，并告知预防 干预努力。拟议的研究将解决一些关键问题，以了解 儿童早期自杀倾向的发展，包括SI/SB在这个早期年龄的表达， 发展对自杀的理解，如果患有SI/SB的儿童表现出缺乏乐观和/或悲观， 以及SI/SB儿童如何处理同伴接受和拒绝。各种措施，包括儿童 访谈和叙事方法，行为任务，和事件相关电位（ERP）将管理 来自不同种族和社会经济背景的三组4至7岁儿童：1）有病史的儿童 2）有精神病理学或有精神病理学风险但无SI/SB病史的儿童，3）低风险健康儿童。 纳入无SI/SB病史的患有精神病理学或有精神病理学风险的儿童将解决 与抑郁症状和其他形式的精神病理学相关的自杀危险因素。这种方法 有可能识别出幼儿自杀倾向的跨诊断风险因素。纳入低风险 健康的儿童将告知我们对自杀理解的典型和非典型轨迹的理解， 提供指导，说明如何以及何时将儿童期自杀倾向的表达作为临床 关心这将是第一项针对如此年幼的SI/SB儿童的研究，旨在 调查SI/SB的风险和弹性的发展前因。自杀研究和预防是一个 NIMH的高优先级研究领域和所描述的研究和培训活动将使候选人 开发一个独立的研究项目，解决儿童自杀率上升的问题。具体地说， 拟议项目的执行将为候选人提供自杀研究方面的培训和专业知识 儿童精神病理学和ERP技术。丰富的培训环境和多学科 每个领域的导师团队都有详细说明。该项目的数据将用于计划的R 01至更多 深入研究种族和/或社会文化差异的风险因素和发展轨迹的早期- 有自杀倾向