Cell-type specific characterization of neuronal activity throughout V1

总结 为了约束和测试V1的模型，我们需要全面地表征V1的生理反应。 神经元以及它们在所有六个皮层层中的主要输入。然而，成像神经元细胞体或轴突 在大脑皮层深处仍然是一个主要的技术挑战。Ji实验室在以下方面取得了重大突破： 应用自适应光学校正活体双光子荧光的脑诱导光学像差 显微镜，以便轴突，终扣和神经元的活动可以在整个皮层深度捕获。 使用贝塞尔聚焦扫描技术，Ji实验室还展示了高速（30 Hz）体积钙 在体内用突触分辨率成像。在清醒的小鼠和不同的大脑状态下，这些技术将 用于测量皮质神经元及其主要感觉和调节输入的神经活动， 对一组协调一致的视觉刺激（包括自然电影）的反应，以严格测试模型预测。 结合随后的体外功能连接图谱和事后细胞类型鉴定，我们将 第一次生成数据集，其中V1内的每个神经元由其位置描述，响应于 已知的刺激，连接模式和细胞类型，以指导和验证建模项目。

SUMMARY To constrain and test models of V1, we need to comprehensively characterize the physiological responses of neurons as well as their main inputs in all six cortical layers. However, imaging neuronal cell bodies or axons deep in the cortex has remained a major technical challenge. The Ji lab made critical breakthroughs in applying adaptive optics to correct brain-induced optical aberrations for in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy, so that the activity of axons, boutons, and neurons can be captured across the full depth of cortex. Using Bessel focus scanning technology, the Ji lab also demonstrated high speed (30 Hz) volumetric calcium imaging with synaptic resolution in vivo. In awake mice and under different brain states, these technologies will be used to measure neural activity of both cortical neurons and their main sensory and modulatory inputs in response to a concerted set of visual stimuli including natural movies to rigorously test model predictions. Combined with subsequent in vitro functional connectivity mapping and post hoc cell type identification, we will generate, for the first time, datasets where every neuron within V1 is described by its location, responses to known stimuli, connectivity pattern, and cell type, to guide and validate the modeling projects.