Translating brain to behavior: The reward-stress dysregulation model of addicted parenting

摘要 母亲成瘾仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题，影响母亲的健康和福祉。 以及他们正在发育中的孩子。至关重要的是，成瘾扰乱了早期的产妇护理，增加了 2.因此，在这方面的育儿工作和 成瘾与NIDA在了解毒品的原因和后果方面的战略计划目标1产生了共鸣 在整个生命周期内使用和上瘾，并将在识别新的和改进的方面告知目标2 预防吸毒及其后果的战略。最近的努力，以增进我们对 成瘾对照料的影响已经使用神经生物学方法来研究母亲如何应对 显著的婴儿情感暗示(婴儿脸部和哭闹刺激)。这种方法已经产生了收敛的EEG/ERP 有毒瘾的母亲对婴儿暗示的神经反应延迟和降低的fMRI表现 对于没有从事物质活动的母亲，使用3-5。在这项研究的基础上，理论模型假设 成瘾对奖赏神经回路的依赖降低了婴儿线索的显着性，并导致 减少照顾的乐趣和回报6-8。然而，没有经验数据表明 成瘾母亲对婴儿情感暗示的减弱神经反应转化为测量 照顾他人的行为。这对神经生物学研究的有效性提出了重大挑战。 父母养育和成瘾在确定可能通知干预努力减少的机制方面 使用药物并加强照料和母婴健康。因此，此R21应用程序寻求 近年来探讨成瘾是否影响婴儿情感线索和附属照料的神经加工 母亲们。婴儿线索的神经处理将通过脑电/事件相关电位方法和照顾完成 在这种情况下，将包括自我报告和观察到的行为。该项目将在 烟草--吸烟和尼古丁成瘾的背景，允许将这项工作扩展到其他物质 使用障碍。

Abstract Maternal addiction remains a significant public health concern, impacting the health and well-being of mothers as well as their developing child. Crucially, addiction disrupts early maternal care, increasing the vulnerability of the child to later substance use, abuse, and dependence1,2. Therefore, work in this area of parenting and addiction resonates with Goal 1 of NIDA’s strategic plan in understanding causes and consequences of drug use and addiction across the lifespan, and will inform Goal 2 in the identification of new and improved strategies to prevent drug use and its consequences. Recent efforts to advance our understanding of the impact of addiction on caregiving have employed neurobiological methods to examine how mothers respond to salient infant affective cues (infant face and cry stimuli). Such an approach has yielded convergent EEG/ERP and fMRI findings of delayed and decreased neural responses to infant cues in mothers with addiction, relative to mothers not engaged in substance use3-5. Building on this research, theoretical models have posited that addiction’s co-optation of reward neural circuits decrease the salience of infant cues and leads to the diminishment of the pleasure and reward of caregiving6-8. However, there is no empirical data that indicates the attenuated neural responses to infant affective cues measured in mothers with addiction translate to measures of caregiving behavior. This represents a significant challenge to the validity of neurobiological studies of parenting and addiction in the identification of mechanisms that may inform intervention efforts to decrease substance use and enhance caregiving and mother-child well-being. Therefore, this R21 application seeks to explore whether addiction impacts neural processing of infant affective cues and affiliated caregiving in recent mothers. Neural processing of infant cues will be accomplished through EEG/ERP methodology and caregiving in this context will incorporate self-report and observed behavior. The project will be actualized within the context of tobacco-smoking and nicotine addiction, allowing for the extension of this work to other substance use disorders.