Translating brain to behavior: The reward-stress dysregulation model of addicted parenting

摘要 产妇吸毒成瘾仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题，影响着母亲的健康和福祉 以及他们发育中的孩子。至关重要的是，成瘾扰乱了早期孕产妇护理，增加了孕产妇的脆弱性。 孩子后来的物质使用，滥用和依赖1，2。因此，在育儿方面的工作， 成瘾与NIDA战略计划的目标1在理解毒品的原因和后果方面产生了共鸣 在确定新的和改进的药物使用和成瘾方面， 预防吸毒及其后果的战略。最近为增进我们对人权的了解所作的努力 成瘾对分娩的影响已经采用神经生物学方法来研究母亲对 显着的婴儿情感线索（婴儿的脸和哭刺激）。这种方法产生了会聚的EEG/ERP 和fMRI结果延迟和减少神经反应的婴儿线索的母亲与成瘾， 对不使用药物的母亲的建议3 -5。在这项研究的基础上，理论模型假设， 成瘾对奖赏神经回路的共同选择降低了婴儿线索的显著性，并导致 6、赏罚赏罚然而，没有经验数据表明， 成瘾母亲对婴儿情感线索的减弱神经反应转化为测量 的行为。这对神经生物学研究的有效性提出了重大挑战。 父母养育和成瘾在确定机制，可以告知干预努力，以减少 药物使用和提高生育率及母婴福祉。因此，本R21申请旨在 探索成瘾是否影响婴儿情感线索的神经加工和最近的相关研究 妈妈们婴儿线索的神经加工将通过EEG/ERP方法学和脑电刺激来完成。 在这种情况下，将纳入自我报告和观察到的行为。该项目将在2010年内实施。 吸烟和尼古丁成瘾的背景下，允许这项工作扩展到其他物质 使用障碍。

Abstract Maternal addiction remains a significant public health concern, impacting the health and well-being of mothers as well as their developing child. Crucially, addiction disrupts early maternal care, increasing the vulnerability of the child to later substance use, abuse, and dependence1,2. Therefore, work in this area of parenting and addiction resonates with Goal 1 of NIDA’s strategic plan in understanding causes and consequences of drug use and addiction across the lifespan, and will inform Goal 2 in the identification of new and improved strategies to prevent drug use and its consequences. Recent efforts to advance our understanding of the impact of addiction on caregiving have employed neurobiological methods to examine how mothers respond to salient infant affective cues (infant face and cry stimuli). Such an approach has yielded convergent EEG/ERP and fMRI findings of delayed and decreased neural responses to infant cues in mothers with addiction, relative to mothers not engaged in substance use3-5. Building on this research, theoretical models have posited that addiction’s co-optation of reward neural circuits decrease the salience of infant cues and leads to the diminishment of the pleasure and reward of caregiving6-8. However, there is no empirical data that indicates the attenuated neural responses to infant affective cues measured in mothers with addiction translate to measures of caregiving behavior. This represents a significant challenge to the validity of neurobiological studies of parenting and addiction in the identification of mechanisms that may inform intervention efforts to decrease substance use and enhance caregiving and mother-child well-being. Therefore, this R21 application seeks to explore whether addiction impacts neural processing of infant affective cues and affiliated caregiving in recent mothers. Neural processing of infant cues will be accomplished through EEG/ERP methodology and caregiving in this context will incorporate self-report and observed behavior. The project will be actualized within the context of tobacco-smoking and nicotine addiction, allowing for the extension of this work to other substance use disorders.