Spatiotemporal organization of the inferior frontal gyrus during speech production - Resubmission - 1

项目摘要 言语是人类独有的特征，对我们的日常生活至关重要，但能够检索的机制 和发音序列的形成仍然难以捉摸。有几条证据表明左下丘脑 额回（IFG），或布罗卡区，在发音本身之前是活跃的，并关键地支持发音。 规划然而，目前尚不清楚IFG的不同解剖学分组如何支持IFG的检索。 语义信息和发音规划。 为了调查这个问题，我们将利用纽约大学的资源，召集临床医生和研究人员， 补充专业知识，重新审视IFG在演讲中的作用。我们建议在一组 神经外科患者提供了一个罕见的和独特的机会，收集直接皮层记录， 在言语产生过程中的干扰。具体而言，我们将解决以下问题：（1）什么是 （2）IFG神经反应与言语产生的关系，（3）IFG神经反应的函数是什么？ IFG区域的特异性，盖部和三角部，以及（3）功能边界是什么 布洛卡区横跨左右额叶皮层。 为了在这些问题上获得牵引力，我们开发了一系列语音生成任务，旨在 镜像临床电刺激标测，并提供受试者内功能和因果关系比较。 我们将使用标准和高密度皮质电图（ECoG）来测量高时间响应， 精度在IFG内。为了确定因果关系，我们将使用直接皮层刺激来操纵皮层活动 并观察行为改变、言语障碍发生的时间以及与ECoG功能反应的比较。 这项研究的结果将大大促进我们对神经生理机制的理解 潜在的言语产生，长期目标是解决一系列言语障碍， 当前的语言映射技术。

Project Summary Speech is a uniquely human trait that is central to our everyday lives, but the mechanisms that enable retrieval and formation of articulatory sequences remain elusive. Several lines of evidence suggest that the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), or Broca’s region, is active prior to articulation per se and critically supports articulatory planning. However, it remains unclear how different anatomical parcellations of IFG support retrieval of semantic information and articulatory planning. To investigate this issue, we will leverage resources at NYU, assembling clinicians and researchers with complementary expertise to reexamine the role of the IFG in speech. We propose working in a cohort of neurosurgical patients who provide a rare and unique opportunity to collect direct cortical recordings and perturbations during speech production. Specifically, we will address the following questions: (1) what is the time constant of neural responses across IFG in relation to speech production, (2) what is the functional specificity of IFG regions, pars opercularis and pars triangularis, and (3) what are the functional boundaries Broca’s territory across the left and right frontal cortices. To gain traction on these issues, we have developed a battery of speech production tasks that is designed to mirror clinical electrical stimulation mapping and provides a within subject functional and causal comparison. We will use standard and high density electrocorticography (ECoG) to measure responses with high temporal precision within IFG. To determine causality, we will manipulate cortical activity using direct cortical stimulation and examine changes in behavior, timing of speech deficits and comparing with ECoG functional responses. The outcome of this study will greatly advance our understanding of the neurophysiologic mechanisms underlying speech production with a long-term goal of addressing a range of speech disorders and improving current language mapping techniques.