Electrocorticographic Analysis of Phonological and Lexical Processing

语音和词汇处理的皮质电图分析

• 批准号: 8061270
• 负责人: Adeen Flinker
• 金额: $ 3.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-17 至 2012-08-16
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8061270
• 关键词: Acoustic Stimulation; Address; Anatomy; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain region; Clinical; Comprehension; Data; Dimensions; Disease; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Excision; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Hearing; Individual; Inferior; Inferior frontal gyrus; Language; Lead; Left; Length; Lesion; Linguistics; Literature; Maps; Methods; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Motor; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Perception; Positron-Emission Tomography; Procedures; Process; Production; Public Health; Refractory; Research; Resolution; Role; Scalp structure; Seizures; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Structure; Superior temporal gyrus; Surface; Techniques; Time; base; cranium; implantation; improved; indexing; language processing; lexical processing; neuroimaging; neurosurgery; phonology; relating to nervous system; research study; response; somatosensory; spatiotemporal; theories; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical activity underlying speech perception and production are not well delineated. Current neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI and PET provide high spatial resolution but lack sufficient temporal resolution to address the temporal dynamics of language. In contrast, electrophysiological techniques such as EEG and MEG offer high temporal resolution but lack the spatial resolution needed to ascertain what cortical networks are critically involved in speech perception and production. This proposal aims to address this gap in the literature by analyzing electrical signals with both high temporal resolution and excellent spatial resolution acquired during language processing tasks. The experiments involve recording electrocorticogrpahic activity (ECoG) directly from the cortex of patients undergoing treatment for refractory epilepsy. Multiple electrode grids are neurosurgically placed on the surface of the brain providing extensive coverage of left perisylvian language cortices. The high fidelity ECoG signal contains a rich spectrum of information. In addition to classical event related potential (ERP) analysis, time- frequency analysis techniques offer a window into local and global network connectivity. We will use the recently described high gamma oscillatory response (HG: 60-200 Hz) together with other frequency bands and ERPs as cortical markers for neural activity. We will employ two tasks aimed at elucidating the spatiotemporal dynamics of basic phonological and lexical processing. One task will consist of hearing auditorily-presented phonemes and then re-producing them while the other will use words in the same experimental structure. Comparing the two tasks will serve as a basis for ascertaining the timing dynamics of cortical regions involved in phonological and lexical processing. Furthermore, we will examine the role of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in receptive processing. Specifically, we will address the controversial role of IFG in phonological processing. In addition to providing data relevant to linguistic theory, determining the spatial and temporal dynamics of language processing may lead to advances in public health. New brain mapping techniques may permit shorter and safer procedures during neurosurgery for several disorders (i.e. epilepsy, tumor resection) replacing the traditional cortical stimulation mapping with its associated morbidity related to seizure induction and length of the mapping procedure. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal will help create a cortical map of where and when different brain regions are active during comprehension and production of language. This will expand current theories of how the brain processes language as well provides new brain mapping techniques. Such mapping techniques may permit shorter and safer procedures during neurosurgery for several disorders (i.e. epilepsy, tumor resection) replacing the traditional cortical stimulation mapping with its associated morbidity related to seizure induction and length of the mapping procedure.

描述（由申请人提供）：言语感知和产生背后的皮质活动的时空动态尚未得到很好的描述。目前的神经成像技术，如功能磁共振成像和PET提供了高的空间分辨率，但缺乏足够的时间分辨率来解决语言的时间动态。相比之下，诸如EEG和MEG的电生理技术提供了高的时间分辨率，但缺乏确定哪些皮层网络在语音感知和产生中起关键作用所需的空间分辨率。该提案旨在通过分析在语言处理任务期间获得的具有高时间分辨率和优异空间分辨率的电信号来解决文献中的这一差距。这些实验涉及直接从接受难治性癫痫治疗的患者的皮层记录皮层电图活动（ECoG）。多个电极网格被神经外科地放置在大脑的表面上，提供对左侧大脑外侧裂周围语言皮质的广泛覆盖。高保真ECoG信号包含丰富的频谱信息。除了经典的事件相关电位（ERP）分析，时间-频率分析技术提供了一个窗口，本地和全球网络连接。我们将使用最近描述的高伽马振荡反应（HG：60-200 Hz）与其他频带和ERP作为神经活动的皮质标记。我们将采用两个任务，旨在阐明基本的语音和词汇加工的时空动态。一个任务是听一个发音清晰的音素，然后再现它们，而另一个任务是使用相同实验结构的单词。比较这两个任务将作为基础，以确定参与语音和词汇加工的皮层区域的时间动态。此外，我们将研究额下回（IFG）在接受性加工中的作用。具体来说，我们将解决有争议的作用IFG在语音处理。除了提供与语言学理论相关的数据外，确定语言处理的空间和时间动态可能会导致公共卫生的进步。新的脑标测技术可能允许在神经外科手术期间对几种疾病（即癫痫、肿瘤切除术）进行更短和更安全的手术，取代传统的皮质刺激标测及其与癫痫发作诱导和标测手术时间相关的相关发病率。 公共卫生相关性：这项提议将有助于创建一个皮层地图，以了解不同的大脑区域在理解和产生语言过程中何时何地活跃。这将扩展目前关于大脑如何处理语言的理论，并提供新的大脑映射技术。这种标测技术可以允许在神经外科手术期间对几种疾病（即癫痫、肿瘤切除术）进行更短和更安全的手术，从而取代传统的皮质刺激标测及其与癫痫发作诱导和标测手术长度相关的相关发病率。