Brain structure and function in infants

婴儿的大脑结构和功能

• 批准号: 10414983
• 负责人: James Christopher EDGAR
• 金额: $ 64.94万
• 依托单位: CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10414983
• 关键词: Acoustics; Adolescent; Advanced Development; Age; Anisotropy; Area; Attention; Auditory; Auditory area; Axon; Behavior; Biological Markers; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Child; Complex; Coupling; Data; Development; Diagnostic; Diffuse; Diffusion; Enrollment; Foundations; Future; Goals; Growth; Head; Human; Image; Individual; Infant; Infant Development; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetoencephalography; Mammals; Measures; Modeling; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Phase; Physiologic pulse; Positioning Attribute; Process; Prognostic Marker; Radial; Radiation; Recording of previous events; Research; Resolution; Response Latencies; Risk; Role; Scanning; Sensory; Somatosensory Cortex; Stimulus; Structure; Study models; System; Testing; Text; Therapeutic Intervention; Thick; Time; Uterus; Visual; Visual Cortex; Work; adolescent with autism spectrum disorder; age related; area striata; autistic children; behavior measurement; connectome; developmental neurobiology; experience; functional outcomes; gray matter; imaging study; longitudinal design; multimodality; myelination; neural circuit; neural network; neurodevelopment; neurotransmission; predictive marker; prognostic; rate of change; recruit; relating to nervous system; response; somatosensory; spatiotemporal; synaptogenesis; treatment response; white matter

Project Summary/Abstract Although hypotheses have been advanced concerning the role of structural brain maturation as determinants of changes in neural function, specific morphophysiologic correlations and their developmental trajectories have not been experimentally validated. Our previous multimodal brain imaging studies examining young children and adolescents provide evidence that brain development involves straightforward brain structure-function mechanistic relations. Given that whole-head infant MEG and high-resolution multi-band diffusion and structural MRI are now available, we are at an important time in the history of developmental neurobiology and imaging, ideally positioned to begin developing, testing, and refining models of brain structure-function relations. In addition to understanding brain structure-function associations, a primary goal is the identification of infant brain measures that best predict future brain function (and behavior) and thus the identification of prognostic brain biomarkers for future studies. The above is accomplished via a dense longitudinal design (5 points over 12months) and the use of passive MEG tasks that allow assessment of brain activity in infants. Primary sensory areas are targeted as it is through the maturation of primary sensory regions (not frontal lobes) that infants first experience the world. The neural signal correlates assessed are selected as these measures indicate how rapidly and efficiently infants encode sensory information, and with our child and adolescent studies demonstrating that (1) these neural measures change as a function of age, (2) underlying neural processes mature more slowly in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, and (3) in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) these neural measures predict functional outcome. Examining brain structure and function in primary auditory, somatosensory, and visual cortical areas (115 infants recruited), we will show that development of fundamental sensory encoding processes is structurally constrained by mechanistic features: (1) age-related increases in white-matter maturation allowing faster neural signal propagation, and (2) age-related increases in gray-matter cortical thickness providing more active neural networks. Behavioral measures will also be obtained to allow exploration of associations between the most sensitive brain measures and behavior. It is our hope that via a longitudinal study we can identify brain biomarkers that predict future brain function, with use of these biomarkers in future studies to identify children at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders as well as to identify lines of therapeutic intervention and then finally to use the biomarkers to measure response to therapy.

项目摘要/摘要 尽管已经提出了关于结构性脑成熟的作用的假说 神经功能改变的决定因素、特定的形态生理学相关性及其相互关系 发育轨迹还没有得到实验验证。我们之前的多式联运 对儿童和青少年进行的脑成像研究提供了证据，证明大脑 发育涉及直接的大脑结构-功能机制关系。考虑到 全头部婴儿脑磁图和高分辨率多波段弥散成像和结构磁共振现在 我们正处于发育神经生物学和成像学历史上的一个重要时刻， 非常适合开始开发、测试和完善大脑结构-功能模型 关系。除了了解大脑结构与功能之间的联系外，一个主要目标是 确定最能预测未来大脑功能(和行为)的婴儿大脑测量方法 从而为未来的研究确定预后的脑生物标志物。 以上是通过密集的纵向设计(5点在12个月内)和 使用被动脑磁图任务来评估婴儿的大脑活动。初级感官 通过初级感觉区域(而不是额叶)的成熟，这些区域被作为目标 那就是婴儿首先体验世界。所评估的神经信号相关性被选择为 这些测量表明婴儿编码感官信息的速度和效率，以及 我们的儿童和青少年研究表明：(1)这些神经测量随着 年龄的函数，(2)在患有以下疾病的人中潜在的神经过程成熟较慢 神经发育障碍，以及(3)患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的青少年 这些神经测量可以预测功能结果。脑部结构和功能的检测 主要的听觉、躯体感觉和视觉皮质区域(115名婴儿招募)，我们将展示 基本感觉编码过程的发展在结构上受到以下因素的制约 机制特征：(1)与年龄相关的白质成熟增加，允许更快的神经 信号传播，以及(2)与年龄相关的灰质皮质厚度增加，提供 更活跃的神经网络。还将获得行为措施，以允许勘探 最敏感的大脑测量和行为之间的联系。我们希望通过一个 纵向研究我们可以识别预测未来大脑功能的脑生物标记物，使用 这些生物标志物在未来的研究中用于识别有神经发育障碍风险的儿童 以及确定治疗干预的路线，然后最终使用生物标记物 测量对治疗的反应。