The Use of Diversity: Managing Race and Representation in Law, Politics, and the Biosciences

项目摘要 在过去的十年里，“多样性”已经成为基因组研究的必要条件。 精密医学计划和建立海量基因数据的相关努力 本垒打。本书将探讨生物医学、社会、法律、商业和政策方面的影响。 多样性作为一个中心组织概念的出现，活跃了一系列节目和 旨在推动基因组创新的研究议程。随着多样性的到来， 作为现代基因组研究和政策的中心组织概念，区别 在基因组中突出种族类别的社会和生物学理由之间 企业变得混为一谈、混乱不堪。这种概念性的 纠缠对我们正在进行的对...本质的理解有着深刻的影响 人类相似/不同，并伴随着商品、资源和地位的分配 与当今社会中的种族和种族关系有关。 这些倡议提出了一种双管齐下的种族再具体化为基因：首先，通过 将社会定义的种族群体与独特和离散的遗传集群相结合；以及 第二，通过不同地影响种族的社会现象的分子化 组。前者威胁要重振危险的、简单化的和种族主义的建筑 种族是遗传的；后者威胁要将健康差距本身遗传化，两者都归咎于 并将注意力从需要的社会、法律和政治倡议上转移开 为解决这些问题而采取的措施。 多样性是一个现成的概念，可以将种族和遗传类别混为一谈，因为多样性 它本身就植根于这两个世界。多样性是一个有用的概念，但就像种族本身一样，它很难 定义并更难以有效的方式使用，以避免遗传危险 本质主义和种族物化。因此，有必要确定和解决这些挑战 当它们出现时，每一个新的显化。要做到这一点，有必要追溯这些故事 通过与书籍一样长的处理来实现不同形式的多样性，这将允许充分探索 以及分析在法律交叉路口管理种族和多样性的复杂性， 政治和生物医学。在追踪了多样性纠缠的进程之后 20世纪70年代至今，该书将吸取实践教训，提出具体建议 建议更仔细、更深思熟虑和更有成效地管理种族和 在生物医学、法律和政治的交叉领域中的代表性。

Project Summary Over the past decade, “diversity” has become a sine qua non of genomic research through such programs as the Precision Medicine Initiative and related efforts to build massive genetic data bases. This book will examine the biomedical, social, legal, commercial, and policy implications of diversity’s emergence as a central organizing concept animating an array of programs and research agendas aimed at driving forward genomic innovation. As diversity has come to the fore as a central organizing concept of modern genomic research and policy, distinctions between social and biological rationales for foregrounding racial categories in genomic enterprises have become conflated, confused, and confounded. Such conceptual entanglements have profound implications both for our on-going understandings of the nature of human similarly/difference and for concomitant allocation of goods, resources, and status relating to race and race-relations in society today. These initiatives present a double-pronged re-reification of race as genetic: First, through the conflation of socially defined racial groups with distinctive and discrete genetic clusters; and Second, through the molecularization of social phenomena that disparately impact racial groups. The former threatens to reinvigorate dangerous, reductive, and racist constructions of race as genetic; the latter threatens to geneticize health disparities themselves, both blaming the victims and directing attention away from the social, legal, and political initiatives that need to be undertaken in order to address such problems. Diversity is a concept ready-made for conflating racial and genetic categories because diversity itself has roots in both worlds. Diversity is a useful concept, but like race itself, it can be hard to define and even harder to use in a productive way that avoids the dangers of genetic essentialism and racial reification. Hence the need to identify and address these challenges in each new manifestation as they arise. To do this, it is necessary to trace the stories of these different forms of diversity through a book-length treatment that will allow for a full exploration and analysis of the complexities of managing race and diversity at the intersections of law, politics, and biomedicine. Having traced the progression of the entanglements of diversities from the 1970s to the present-day, the book will draw practical lessons and propose concrete suggestions for the more careful, deliberate, and productive management of race and representation in the intersecting domains of biomedicine, law, and politics.