The Use of Diversity: Managing Race and Representation in Law, Politics, and the Biosciences

项目摘要 在过去的十年里，“多样性”已经成为基因组研究的必要条件， 精准医学计划以及建立大量基因数据的相关努力 基地这本书将研究生物医学，社会，法律的，商业和政策的影响 多样性作为一个核心组织概念的出现，推动了一系列项目的发展， 旨在推动基因组创新的研究议程。随着多样性的到来， 作为现代基因组研究和政策的核心组织概念， 在基因组中突出种族类别的社会和生物学基础之间 企业变得混乱，迷茫，困惑。这样的概念 纠缠有深刻的影响，无论是对我们正在进行的理解的性质 人的相似性/差异性以及伴随的商品、资源和地位的分配 关于当今社会的种族和种族关系。 这些倡议提出了一个双管齐下的重新具体化的种族遗传：首先，通过 将社会定义的种族群体与独特和离散的遗传集群混为一谈;以及 第二，通过社会现象的分子化， 组前者有可能使危险的、还原的和种族主义的对 种族是遗传的;后者威胁着将健康差异本身遗传化，两者都指责 受害者，并将注意力从需要的社会，法律的和政治倡议上转移开。 为了解决这些问题，必须采取措施。 多样性是一个现成的概念，可以将种族和遗传类别混为一谈，因为多样性 它在两个世界都有根源。多样性是一个有用的概念，但就像种族本身一样， 定义，甚至更难以一种富有成效的方式使用，以避免遗传的危险， 本质主义和种族物化。因此，需要确定和应对这些挑战， 每一个新的表现形式，因为他们出现。要做到这一点，有必要追溯这些故事 不同形式的多样性，通过一本书的长度处理，将允许充分探索 以及分析在法律交叉点管理种族和多样性的复杂性， 政治和生物医学在追溯了从1960年到1970年的 从20世纪70年代到现在，这本书将吸取实际经验教训，并提出具体建议。 建议更仔细，深思熟虑，更有成效的管理种族和 在生物医学，法律和政治的交叉领域的代表。

Project Summary Over the past decade, “diversity” has become a sine qua non of genomic research through such programs as the Precision Medicine Initiative and related efforts to build massive genetic data bases. This book will examine the biomedical, social, legal, commercial, and policy implications of diversity’s emergence as a central organizing concept animating an array of programs and research agendas aimed at driving forward genomic innovation. As diversity has come to the fore as a central organizing concept of modern genomic research and policy, distinctions between social and biological rationales for foregrounding racial categories in genomic enterprises have become conflated, confused, and confounded. Such conceptual entanglements have profound implications both for our on-going understandings of the nature of human similarly/difference and for concomitant allocation of goods, resources, and status relating to race and race-relations in society today. These initiatives present a double-pronged re-reification of race as genetic: First, through the conflation of socially defined racial groups with distinctive and discrete genetic clusters; and Second, through the molecularization of social phenomena that disparately impact racial groups. The former threatens to reinvigorate dangerous, reductive, and racist constructions of race as genetic; the latter threatens to geneticize health disparities themselves, both blaming the victims and directing attention away from the social, legal, and political initiatives that need to be undertaken in order to address such problems. Diversity is a concept ready-made for conflating racial and genetic categories because diversity itself has roots in both worlds. Diversity is a useful concept, but like race itself, it can be hard to define and even harder to use in a productive way that avoids the dangers of genetic essentialism and racial reification. Hence the need to identify and address these challenges in each new manifestation as they arise. To do this, it is necessary to trace the stories of these different forms of diversity through a book-length treatment that will allow for a full exploration and analysis of the complexities of managing race and diversity at the intersections of law, politics, and biomedicine. Having traced the progression of the entanglements of diversities from the 1970s to the present-day, the book will draw practical lessons and propose concrete suggestions for the more careful, deliberate, and productive management of race and representation in the intersecting domains of biomedicine, law, and politics.