Structural Racism and Adverse Birth Outcomes in the US South: A Multigenerational Perspective

项目摘要 长期的物质匮乏和日常歧视的“磨损”是人们认为的关键社会因素 导致黑人妇女的不良生育结果。这些进程是结构性种族主义的一部分， 这是一个更大的政策、实践、意识形态和制度体系，它通过以下方式强化了种族不平等： 创造获得资源和机会的差别。然而，迄今为止，大多数关于结构的研究 种族主义和不良生育结果认为，产妇只受到一个或两个方面的结构性影响， 种族主义，在一个单一的时间点，从而低估了其对黑人妇女的生育结果的贡献。的 本项目的目标是研究多代人暴露于结构性种族主义对出生的影响 在美国南部的黑人妇女中的结果。我们将测量暴露于多个维度的风险， 南卡罗来纳州黑人祖母和母亲在同一个家庭的结构性种族主义，并决定他们的 与儿童不良出生结局（低出生体重、早产、小于胎龄儿）的关系。我们 将产生一个独特的，综合的出生数据集之间的1989年至2020年，这是联系沿着母系 并与衡量结构性种族主义不同层面的多个行政数据来源合并。的 拟议的项目将：（1）量化黑人妇女遭受结构性种族主义四个方面的影响;（2）审查 结构性种族主义的四个方面与不良生育结果之间的联系， （3）评估结构性种族主义对黑人/白色的贡献 不良生育结果的差异。拟议中的研究将使该领域超越个人层面 干预措施侧重于可改变的风险因素，这些因素不足以改善黑人妇女的生育率 结果。由于黑人妇女在获得商品、服务和机会方面面临结构性障碍， 重点必须转向上游。通过系统地审查结构性种族主义的多个方面， 几代人，我们将获得重要的洞察因素，不成比例地影响黑人妇女的出生 结果随着时间的推移。从这项研究中获得的知识将指导决策者就可能的 扇区（例如，刑事司法，教育）进行干预，以改善黑人母亲的生育结果。

Project Summary Abstract Chronic material deprivation and the ‘wear and tear’ of everyday discrimination are key social factors thought to contribute to Black women’s poor birth outcomes. These processes are embedded within structural racism, which is the larger system of policies, practices, ideologies, and institutions that reinforces racial inequality by creating differential access to resources and opportunities. To date, however, most research on structural racism and poor birth outcomes considers maternal exposure to only one or two dimensions of structural racism, at a single point in time, thereby underestimating its contribution to Black women’s birth outcomes. The goal of this project is to examine the effects of multigenerational exposure to structural racism on birth outcomes among Black women in the US South. We will measure exposure to multiple dimensions of structural racism for South Carolina Black grandmothers and mothers in the same family, and determine their relationship to children’s adverse birth outcomes (low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age). We will generate a unique, integrative dataset of births between 1989-2020 that are linked along the maternal line and merged with multiple administrative data sources measuring different dimensions of structural racism. The proposed project will: (1) quantify Black women’s exposure to four dimensions of structural racism; (2) examine the association between the four dimensions of structural racism and adverse birth outcomes both within and across generations of Black mothers; and (3) assess the contribution of structural racism to the Black/White disparity in adverse birth outcomes. The proposed study will move the field beyond individual-level interventions focused on modifiable risk factors, which have not been sufficient to improve Black women’s birth outcomes. Because Black women face structural barriers to accessing goods, services, and opportunities, the focus must shift upstream. By systematically examining multiple dimensions of structural racism across generations, we will gain important insight into the factors that disproportionately affect Black women’s birth outcomes over time. Knowledge gained from this study will guide policy-makers’ decisions regarding possible sectors (e.g., criminal justice, education) in which to intervene to improve birth outcomes for Black mothers.