Molecular approaches to sensitizing eukaryotic cells to aneuploidy
Molecular approaches to sensitizing eukaryotic cells to aneuploidy
批准号:
10403944
负责人:
AUDREY P GASCH
金额:
$33.16万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2018
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2018-06-01 至 2023-08-31
关键词:
AffectAneuploid CellsAneuploidyBiologyCancer cell lineCell LineCell NucleusCellsCellular biologyChromosome SegregationChromosomesCytosolDevelopmentDissectionDrug resistanceEukaryotic CellExonucleaseFluorescent in Situ HybridizationGene ExpressionGenesGeneticGenomicsGenotypeGoalsGrantHeterogeneityHumanHuman Cell LineIncidenceInfertilityKaryotypeKnock-outLaboratoriesLaboratory StudyLinkLocationMaintenanceMalignant NeoplasmsMapsMessenger RNAMethodsMicroscopyModelingMolecularNormal CellOrganismOrthologous GenePaclitaxelPharmaceutical PreparationsPhenotypePlayPloidiesProcessPrognosisProteomeProteomicsRNARNA-Binding ProteinsReportingRoleSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomycetalesSolid NeoplasmSystemTestingTherapeuticTranslational RegulationTranslationsWorkYeastscancer cellcancer typechemotherapycolon cancer cell lineinsightknock-downlive cell imagingmalignant breast neoplasmnovelnovel therapeutic interventionparalogous genepatient prognosisresistance mechanismresponsesingle moleculetumor
中文摘要
摘要
非整倍性,即细胞携带不正确数量的染色体的状态,是人类遗传缺陷的标志。
癌的 超过85%的癌症是非整倍体,并且较高的非整倍体率通常与不良预后相关。
患者预后 非整倍体肿瘤可以显示异质性核型,这是肿瘤细胞遗传异质性的基础。
细胞表型 这对治疗非整倍体肿瘤提出了一个特殊的挑战,因为它们可以迅速地
进化出逃避治疗的机制 考虑到在不同类型的癌症中非整倍体的高发生率,
有吸引力的策略将是选择性地使细胞对非整倍体状态本身敏感,特别是在组合
化疗药物。 这一直是具有挑战性的,在很大程度上是因为还不清楚非整倍体如何
癌细胞首先可以容忍额外的DNA含量。 我们从一个新的角度来看待这个问题
挑战,通过研究野生芽殖酵母酿酒酵母,自然耐受
额外的染色体 酵母是一个强大的模型,解剖细胞生物学,因为许多
机制和防御策略在人类中是保守的。 通过比较非整倍体耐药野生菌株,
对于一个对非整倍体异常敏感的实验室菌株,我们发现了一个单一的基因,
当缺失时,在整倍体菌株中几乎不产生表型,但使细胞对额外的
染色体 因此,我们可以使细胞对非整倍体敏感,而不会在正常细胞中产生主要表型。
整倍体细胞 Ssd 1基因与mRNA的定位、翻译控制和转录调控有关,
染色体的维护等,但机制仍不清楚。 我们认为
非整倍体耐受过程在酵母和人类之间是保守的。 Ssd 1的人类直系同源物,
hDis 3L 2与Ssd 1有几个共同的特征,包括与翻译调控、β-淀粉样蛋白体定位和
染色体分离。 该提案的目标有两个方面:1)通过以下方式确定机制:
其中SSD 1缺失使酵母对非整倍性敏感,以及2)使用该信息来测试是否敲低
在有和没有化疗治疗的情况下,正向功能使癌细胞系对非整倍性敏感。
目标1将利用基因组学、蛋白质组学、单克隆分子RNA荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术,
单细胞活细胞成像来测试Ssd 1在非整倍体耐受中的作用。 Aim 2将利用这些见解,
测试包括人类直系同源物hDis 3L 2的敲低在内的直系同源物机制是否可以使乳腺癌敏感,
结肠癌细胞系的非整倍体,有和没有紫杉醇治疗。 这一目标将使用一个强大的
系统,以产生整倍体和非整倍体人类细胞的等基因组,使得能够灵敏地解剖
非整倍体状态所特有的表型。 这项工作的结果将扩大我们对
Ssd 1/hDis 3L 2的功能,并可能为靶向非整倍体细胞的新治疗方法铺平道路。
英文摘要
Abstract
Aneuploidy, the state in which cells carry an incorrect number of chromosomes, is a hallmark of human
cancers. Over 85% of cancers are aneuploid, and higher rates of aneuploidy are often associated with poor
patient prognosis. Aneuploid tumors can display heterogeneous karyotypes, which underlie heterogeneity in
cellular phenotypes. This presents a specific challenge in treating aneuploid tumors, because they can rapidly
evolve mechanisms to evade treatment. Given the high incidence of aneuploidy in diverse cancer types, an
attractive strategy would be to selectively sensitize cells to the aneuploid state itself, especially in combination
with chemotherapy drugs. This has been challenging, in large part because it remains unclear how aneuploid
cancer cells can tolerate extra DNA content in the first place. We have taken a novel perspective to this
challenge, by studying wild strains of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are naturally tolerant to
extra chromosomes. Yeast is a powerful model for dissecting cellular biology, because many of the
mechanisms and defense strategies are conserved in humans. By comparing aneuploidy-tolerant wild strains
to a well-studied laboratory strain that is unusually sensitive to aneuploidy, we discovered a single gene that,
when deleted, produces little to no phenotype in euploid strains, but renders cells very sensitive to extra
chromosomes. Thus, we can sensitize cells to aneuploidy without producing major phenotypes in the normal
euploid cells. The gene – Ssd1 – has been implicated in mRNA localization, translational control, and
chromosome maintenance among other things, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We believe that the
process of aneuploidy tolerance is conserved between yeast and humans. The human ortholog of Ssd1,
hDis3L2, shares several features with Ssd1, including links to translational regulation, P-body localization, and
proper chromosome segregation. The goal of this proposal is two fold: 1) to identify the mechanism through
which SSD1 deletion sensitizes yeast to aneuploidy and 2) to use this information to test if knockdown of
orthologous functions sensitizes cancer cell lines to aneuploidy, with and without chemotherapy treatment.
Aim 1 will use genomics, proteomics, single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and
singe, live-cell imaging to test the role of Ssd1 in aneuploidy tolerance. Aim 2 will leverage these insights to
test if orthologous mechanisms, including knockdown of the human ortholog hDis3L2, can sensitize breast and
colon cancer cell lines to aneuploidy, with and without paclitaxel treatment. This aim will use a powerful
system to produce isogenic sets of euploid and aneuploid human cells, enabling sensitive dissection of
phenotypes that are specific to the aneuploid state. Results of this work will expand our understanding of the
function of Ssd1/hDis3L2 and could pave the way to new therapeutic approaches to target aneuploid cells.
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