SENSORS FOR WATER CONTAMINANT DETECTION AND MONITORING

摘要 超级基金站点的地下水受到多种危险化学物质的污染，这些化学物质来自 人为和自然来源。通过受污染的饮用水接触这些化学物质的个人 可能会对健康造成不利影响。YSRTP将重点关注1，4-二恶烷(1，4-DX)及其共生 污染物：三氯乙烯(TCE)、1，1，1-三氯乙烷(TCA)和1，1-二氯乙烷(DCA)。去保护 饮用水供应和人类健康，检测和监测的快速方法 污染物是至关重要的。该项目的总体目标是开发1，4-DX及其同源污染物的传感器 通过无线网络进行实时监控。该项目包括四个具体目标：(1)开发和 用于1，4-DX检测和定量的生物传感器的表征；(2)开发和表征化学物质 用于1，4-DX共生污染物(TCE、TCA和DCA)、(3)1，4-DX和共污染物检测的传感器 通过便携式真空气相色谱，以及(4)演示在分布式无线传感器中的检测 污染物监测网络。本研究的主要创新点包括：(一) 开发第一个用于检测与健康相关的低浓度1，4-DX的传感器，通过使用 进化选择过程，一种人工抗体亲和力成熟技术，以及有机金属前 结合分子；(Ii)开发一种化学传感器，利用脂类独特的基于溶解度的选择性 以及用于检测TCE、DCA和作为1，4-DX污染代理的TCA的嵌段共聚双层囊泡； 以及(3)演示1，4-DX传感器和改装的便携式真空气相色谱仪在 无线传感器网络(WSN)，实现对动态污染和暴露事件的响应。该项目 与整个YSRTP很好地结合在一起。无线传感器网络提供的污染物浓度的实时数据 将与项目4集成，以改进补救策略并衡量补救效果和帮助 向生物医学项目(项目1、2)通报超级基金场地附近社区的暴露情况， 并通过社区参与核心向社区通报实时集中 饮用水水源中的目标污染物。该项目还将与数据管理和 分析核心(DMAC)，以适当存储和分析所有污染物的发生和浓度数据 根据上述项目互动，并协助无线传感器网络达到规定的测量目标。

ABSTRACT Groundwater in Superfund sites is contaminated with a wide range of hazardous chemicals originating from anthropogenic and natural sources. Individuals exposed to these chemicals through contaminated drinking water can be subjected to adverse health effects. The YSRTP will focus on 1,4-dioxane (1,4-DX) and its co-occurring contaminants: trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), and 1,1-dichloroethane (DCA). To protect drinking water supplies and human health, rapid approaches for the detection and monitoring of these contaminants are crucial. The overall goal of this project is to develop sensors for 1,4-DX and its co-contaminants with real-time monitoring via a wireless network. The project includes four specific aims: (1) developing and characterizing biosensors for 1,4-DX detection and quantification, (2) developing and characterizing chemical sensors for 1,4-DX co-occurring contaminants (TCE, TCA, and DCA), (3) 1,4-DX and co-contaminant detection via portable vacuum gas chromatography, and (4) demonstrating detection in a distributed wireless sensor network for contaminant monitoring. The main innovative aspects of the research include the following: (i) developing the first sensor for detecting low, health relevant concentrations of 1,4-DX, by employing an evolutionary selection process, an artificially antibody affinity maturation technique, and organometallic pre- binding molecules; (ii) developing a chemical sensor that exploits the unique solubility-based selectivity of lipid and block-copolymer bilayer vesicles for detecting TCE, DCA, and TCA as a proxy for 1,4-DX contamination; and (iii) demonstrating the use of 1,4-DX sensors and adapted portable vacuum gas chromatographers in a wireless sensor network (WSN) to enable responses to dynamic contamination and exposure events. The project is well integrated with the overall YSRTP. The real time data of contaminant concentrations provided by the WSN will be integrated Project 4 to improve remediation strategies and measure remediation effectiveness and help inform the biomedical projects (Projects 1,2) on exposures for communities in the vicinity of the Superfund sites, and inform the community—through the Community Engagement Core—on real-time concentrations of the target contaminants in drinking water sources. The project will also be engaged with the Data Management & Analysis Core (DMAC) to appropriately store and analyze all contaminant occurrence and concentration data pursuant to the above project interactions and for assistance in the WSN to meet the stated measurement goals.