Project 5: Microencapsulation Delivery Vehicles for the Implementation of Precision Bioremediation at PAH-Contaminated Superfund Sites

项目 5：用于在 PAH 污染的超级基金场地实施精准生物修复的微胶囊输送工具

• 批准号: 10698036
• 负责人: Claudia Kneller Gunsch
• 金额: $ 29.14万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10698036
• 关键词: Address; Amendment; Analytical Chemistry; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Bacteria; Biodegradation; Biological Availability; Biomanufacturing; Bioremediations; Budgets; Carbon; Characteristics; Chemicals; Collaborations; Communication; Communities; Complex; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Ecosystem; Effectiveness; Encapsulated; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Impact; Evaluation; Excision; Exposure to; Funding; Goals; Growth; Hydrophobicity; In Situ; In Vitro; Industry; Killifishes; Libraries; Metals; Methods; Microbe; Microcapsules drug delivery system; Mitochondria; Multiprotein Complexes; Organism; Outcome; Permeability; Property; Proteins; Research; Research Personnel; Resort; Running; Site; Soil; Statistical Data Interpretation; Superfund; System; Technology; Toxic effect; Training; Translational Research; Universities; Work; carcinogenicity; community engagement; data management; delivery vehicle; experience; exposed human population; fitness; fungus; geochemistry; improved; in vivo; innovation; member; microbial; microbiome; microbiota; microorganism interaction; neurobehavioral; remediation; risk minimization; superfund site; targeted delivery; toxic metal

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contaminants of great concern due to their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties that are commonly encountered at Superfund sites. Due to their chemical characteristics, PAHs tend to be highly hydrophobic and recalcitrant, making them challenging targets for remediation. PAH- impacted sites are also frequently enriched with toxic metals from related industries, and such mixtures require engineering solutions that effectively target PAHs while minimizing deleterious environmental impacts on co- contaminants. Treatments in multi-contaminant settings are particularly challenging because bioremediation strategies aimed at PAHs can introduce environmental conditions such as oxic microniches that may enhance the leaching potential and bioavailability of metals. Because of these challenges, site managers often resort to drastic remediation approaches such as soil excavation or dredging, which can have significant negative long- term impacts on local ecosystems. In situ bioremediation has been widely studied as an alternative approach with minimal ecological disruption. During the last funding period, we developed a generalizable framework for the precision bioremediation of PAHs that harnesses in situ cross-kingdom microbial interactions. We created a library of fungal and bacterial strains that could work cooperatively to breakdown PAHs. Yet, while strain selection is a pivotal decision to be made for the effectiveness of the amended microbes, the observed transience of some augmented strains after inoculation can significantly reduce the long-term effectiveness of bioremediation. Thus, a particular challenge that remains to be solved is the long-term survival and activity of augmented exogenous strains under complex site conditions. Herein, we propose to address this challenge by developing microbial encapsulation delivery vehicles that enable targeted delivery and increased fitness of key microbial strains for the implementation of precision bioremediation. The permeability of the microcapsule, alongside the protective separation of the internal organisms from the external environment, makes microcapsules attractive for deployment to natural environments and for the implementation of precision bioremediation. We hypothesize that the use of microcapsules will improve delivery, viability and fitness of the augmented microbes thereby improving PAH biodegradation. The specific aims for this project are to: 1) Optimize microcapsule synthesis for delivery to soil and sediment sites, sorption of target PAHs, and growth/function of encapsulated microbes; 2) Develop site-specific encapsulated microbial consortia of PAH degraders and compare to pure cultures for PAH degradation; and 3) Investigate unintended impacts of the microencapsulated bioaugmentation strategy through evaluation of PAH degradation products and geochemical transformations of co-contaminant metals in Superfund-relevant conditions. Ultimately, this project will yield field translatable approaches for the bioremediation of PAHs at Superfund sites with co-contaminants.

抽象的 多环芳烃 (PAH) 因其有毒、致突变性和致突变性而成为备受关注的污染物。 超级基金网站上常见的致癌物质。由于其化学特性， 多环芳烃往往具有高度疏水性和顽固性，这使得它们成为具有挑战性的修复目标。多环芳烃- 受影响的地点也经常富含来自相关行业的有毒金属，此类混合物需要 有效针对多环芳烃的工程解决方案，同时最大限度地减少对环境的有害影响 污染物。多污染物环境下的治疗尤其具有挑战性，因为生物修复 针对多环芳烃的策略可以引入环境条件，例如氧化微生态位，这可能会增强 金属的浸出潜力和生物利用度。由于这些挑战，现场经理经常采取 土壤挖掘或疏浚等激进的修复方法可能会产生显着的长期负面影响 对当地生态系统的长期影响。原位生物修复作为一种替代方法已得到广泛研究 以最小的生态破坏。在上一个资助期间，我们开发了一个通用框架 利用原位跨界微生物相互作用对多环芳烃进行精准生物修复。我们创建了一个 可以协同分解多环芳烃的真菌和细菌菌株库。然而，虽然菌株选择 是为了修改微生物的有效性而做出的关键决定，观察到的一些微生物的短暂性 接种后增加菌株会显着降低生物修复的长期效果。因此， 仍有待解决的一个特殊挑战是增强外源性的长期存活和活性 复杂场地条件下的应变。在此，我们建议通过开发微生物来应对这一挑战 封装递送载体，能够实现靶向递送并提高关键微生物菌株的适应性 实施精准生物修复。微胶囊的渗透性以及保护性 内部有机体与外部环境的分离，使得微胶囊对 部署到自然环境并实施精准生物修复。我们假设 微胶囊的使用将改善增强微生物的递送、活力和适应性 改善 PAH 生物降解。该项目的具体目标是： 1）优化微胶囊合成 输送到土壤和沉积物部位、目标多环芳烃的吸附以及封装微生物的生长/功能； 2） 开发 PAH 降解剂的位点特异性封装微生物群落，并与 PAH 纯培养物进行比较 降解; 3) 通过以下方式研究微胶囊生物增强策略的意外影响 评价多环芳烃降解产物和共污染金属的地球化学转化 超级基金相关条件。最终，该项目将为 超级基金地点的多环芳烃与共污染物的生物修复。