Assessing Children's Screen Time with Wearable Sensor

项目总结 在过去的十年里，数字技术拥有量的爆炸式增长导致了屏幕数量的急剧增加 儿童的曝光率。在美国，超过95%的有孩子的家庭拥有智能手机、电视和 桌面显示器，这引起了人们对屏幕对儿童健康影响的日益关注。 过度暴露屏幕与眼睛问题、睡眠障碍、肥胖、 以及儿童中的认知障碍。由于这些关切，世界卫生组织(世卫组织)已 最近(2019年4月)建议2到4岁的儿童应该有不到1小时的久坐屏幕 每天的时间。然而，研究中的实际屏幕时间与父母的控制之间存在明显的差距 以及来自测量工具的评估。现有的评估屏幕曝光的方法缺乏结构 有效性，因为他们严重依赖自我报告、智能手机应用程序或研究技术(例如，眼睛- 跟踪眼镜)。自我报告容易出现报告偏差。智能手机应用程序缺乏测量能力 多个屏幕类型的累积、并发屏幕曝光，无法确认 用户(同一个孩子或他/她的父母)。研究技术，如眼球跟踪眼镜，可能是侵入性的 仅限于对选择性视觉焦点区域的测量。目前，还没有有效的 和微创工具，可用于提供客观和准确的久坐测量 多种屏幕类型的屏幕使用和屏幕曝光。该项目旨在开发一种可穿戴设备 和稳健的AI算法，为儿童提供客观准确的屏幕时间测量。目标1将 开发一种微创设备和计算机视觉方法来检测屏幕曝光图案和 区分不同的屏幕类型。目标2将在儿童自由生活的环境中验证该设计。这个 拟议的工作将提供一个重要的新工具，以客观和全面地衡量儿童 累积和离散的自由生活屏幕曝光的数量和持续时间。我们预计这项技术将 作为一种通用的屏幕时间测量工具，使家长、幼儿教师和兴趣团体受益 在他们对儿童(人)S久坐活动和媒体使用的管理和倡导中。我们还期待我们的 工具将通过提供目标来帮助学术研究人员、临床心理学家和消费者研究人员 在行为研究和治疗方面的措施。

Project summary The explosion of digital technology ownership in the past decade has led to a dramatically increased screen exposure for children. In the United States, over 95% of families with children have a smartphone, TV, and desktop monitors, which has raised a growing concern about the impact of screens on children's health. Excessive screen exposure has been closely associated with increased eye problems, sleep disorders, obesity, and cognitive impairments among children. Due to these concerns, World Health Organization (WHO) has recently (April 2019) suggested that children between 2 and 4 should have less than 1 hour of sedentary screen time per day. However, there is an evidence gap between actual screen time in research and parental control and assessment from measurement tools. Existing methodologies of assessing screen exposure lack construct validity, as they heavily rely upon self-report, smartphone applications, or research technologies (e.g. eye- tracking glasses). Self-report is prone to reporting bias. Smartphone applications lack the capability of measuring cumulative, concurrent screen exposure across multiple screen types and are not able to confirm the identity of user (the same child or his/her parents). Research technologies, such as eye-tracking glasses, can be invasive to children and are limited to the measurement of regions of selective visual focus. Currently, there is no effective and minimally invasive tool that can be used to provide objective and accurate measurement of both sedentary screen use and screen exposure across multiple screen types. This project seeks to develop a wearable device and robust AI algorithms to provide objective and accurate screen time measurement for children. Aim 1 will develop a minimally invasive device and computer vision methods to detect screen exposure patterns and differentiate various screen type. Aim 2 will testify the design in a free-living environment on children. The proposed work will provide an important new tool to objectively and comprehensively measure children's cumulative and discrete free-living screen exposure in quantity and duration. We anticipate this technology will serve as a universal screen-time measurement tool and benefit parents, preschool teachers, and interest groups in their management and advocacy of child(ren)'s sedentary activities and media use. We also anticipate our tools will help academic researchers, clinical psychologist, and consumer researchers via providing objective measures in behavioral study and therapy.