Effects of local adaptation on parallel pathway circuit computations in the retina

局部适应对视网膜并行通路计算的影响

• 批准号: 10661997
• 负责人: Gabrielle Jacqueline Gutierrez
• 金额: $ 14.27万
• 依托单位: BARNARD COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10661997
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Biophysical Process; Biophysics; Brain; Brain Diseases; Code; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Goals; Mentors; Neurons; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neurosciences; Pathway interactions; Phase; Photoreceptors; Process; Property; Public Health; Research; Retina; Rod; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Training; Universities; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual system structure; Washington; Work; career development; cell type; design; experimental study; flexibility; ganglion cell; luminance; neural circuit; predictive modeling; relating to nervous system; skills; spatiotemporal; targeted treatment

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The retina is an adaptable circuit that is capable of rapidly changing its processing mode with changing stimulus conditions. This is an enormous undertaking because the retina has to process an unpredictable and wide-ranging assortment of inputs. An understanding of how local neuron dynamics are coordinated to produce and alter global network computations is needed for understanding how neural circuits of the brain are able to flexibly integrate information from many different areas. Advances on this front will have a broad impact on the ability to design targeted therapies to ameliorate brain disorders. The long-term goal of the proposed work is to understand how local adaptation mechanisms impact the computational function of neural circuits like the retina. Signals from the photoreceptors are processed along parallel pathways in the early part of the retina circuit and later combined. The properties of the visual inputs can modulate the how these inputs are processed via local adaptation mechanisms. This kind of adaptation has consequences for the manner in which visual inputs are encoded and processed in the early part of the visual system. The proposed research during the mentored phase aims to characterize the rod pathway adaptation that leads to a switch in computational processing of inputs and to determine the consequences for the spatiotemporal encoding of visual inputs. I will characterize adaptation through the rod-AII pathway for a range of luminance conditions to build a predictive model and to then determine how this adaptation affects the feature-sensitivity of ON α- ganglion cells under different luminance conditions. The independent phase research will build on the progress made during the mentored phase. There are several distinct ganglion cell types that convey information to the brain about particular visual features - similar to the higher order processing that takes place in the visual cortex. I will conduct studies to determine how ON and OFF α-ganglion cell types use the same circuitry to produce computations that are fundamentally distinct beyond their opposite polarities. The objective of this work is to obtain a better understanding of how mechanisms of local adaptation can reconfigure the computational functions of diverse circuit components. The University of Washington offers the ideal environment for my career development and for pursuing this highly interdisciplinary project. I have two outstanding mentors, an experimentalist and a theorist. I will receive training to become proficient in retina electrophysiology experiments and take courses to hone my quantitative skills. This training will prepare me to launch my own lab with an interdisciplinary focus. The proposed research will establish my expertise in the effects of biophysical mechanisms on sensory circuit computation.

项目总结/摘要 视网膜是一个适应性强的电路，能够随着变化迅速改变其处理模式。 刺激条件这是一项艰巨的任务，因为视网膜必须处理一个不可预测的， 各种各样的投入。了解局部神经元动力学如何协调， 产生和改变全球网络计算是理解大脑神经回路如何 能够灵活地整合来自许多不同领域的信息。这方面的进展将有广泛的 对设计靶向治疗以改善脑部疾病的能力的影响。的长期目标 建议的工作是了解本地适应机制如何影响计算功能， 像视网膜一样的神经回路。来自光感受器的信号在细胞中沿着沿着通路被处理。 视网膜回路的早期部分和后来的组合。视觉输入的特性可以调节 这些输入通过本地自适应机制进行处理。这种适应性会对 视觉输入在视觉系统的早期被编码和处理的方式。拟议 指导阶段的研究旨在描述导致神经元转换的视杆细胞通路适应。 输入的计算处理，并确定时空编码的结果， 视觉输入我将描述通过杆-AII通路对一系列亮度条件的适应， 建立一个预测模型，然后确定这种适应如何影响ON α- 不同光照条件下的神经节细胞。独立阶段的研究将建立在进展的基础上， 在指导阶段。有几种不同的神经节细胞类型， 大脑对特定视觉特征的处理-类似于发生在视觉系统中的高阶处理。 皮层我将进行研究，以确定ON和OFF α-神经节细胞类型如何使用相同的电路， 产生的计算在根本上是不同的，而不是相反的极性。的目的 工作是更好地了解当地适应机制如何重新配置 不同电路组件的计算功能。华盛顿大学提供理想的 我的职业发展和追求这个高度跨学科的项目的环境。我有两 杰出的导师，一位实验家和一位理论家我将接受培训，成为熟练的视网膜 电生理学实验和参加课程来磨练我的定量技能。这次培训将使我做好准备， 建立我自己的跨学科实验室这项拟议中的研究将确立我在 生物物理机制对感觉回路计算的影响。